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Salt Power

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Where river meets sea we have an opportunity to extract not
just tidal energy, but energy derived from the difference between salt water
and fresh. Maybe if energy policies were rational we wouldn’t have such opportunities, but we are where we are.
Pressure Retarded
Osmosis

With pressure retarded osmosis, or PRO, the idea is to take
advantage of the osmotic pressure created when river water and sea water are separated
by a semi-permeable membrane.
Under these conditions, water molecules from the river pass
through the membrane into the sea water, creating a pressure on the sea water
side of the membrane which may be used to drive turbines and generate
electricity.
A pilot
plant in Norway
which has been generating a few kilowatts since 2009. As
with so many sustainable energy technologies, the problem is one of energy
density. There simply isn’t much energy to be extracted from each square metre
of membrane.
Huge areas of membrane, in the order of square kilometres may
be required to scale up the technology, but these membranes are also prone to
fouling, so the technical issues are formidable.
 

A less developed but simpler and perhaps more interesting
way to extract energy from seawater and river water is Reverse Electrodialysis
or RED.

In the RED approach, the osmotic energy of mixing fresh and salt water is captured by directing the solution through an alternating series of positively and negatively charged exchange membranes. The resulting chemical potential difference creates a voltage over each membrane and leads to the production of direct electric energy.


As with PRO, there are many technical hurdles and much research to be done, but a Dutch company called REDstack B V began work on a pilot plant in July. Both technologies are clean, highly modular and relatively well understood.

Could the Severn estuary be used to generate both tidal power and power from a technology such as PRO or RED?

We certainly have the ingenuity – pity about the politics.


All original material is copyright of its author. Fair use permitted. Contact via comment.

Nothing here should be taken as personal advice, financial or otherwise. No liability is accepted for third-party content, whether incorporated in or linked to this blog; or for unintentional error and inaccuracy. The blog author may have, or intend to change, a personal position in any stock or other kind of investment mentioned.


Source: http://theylaughedatnoah.blogspot.com/2013/09/salt-power.html



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