When Morning Sickness Lasts All Day
Down for the count: Severe nausea during pregnancy occurs in 0.5–2 per cent of all pregnancies and can even be fatal. Research on the condition is now being carried out with funding from the Research Council of Norway.
“At worst, women may die if they go untreated. Many women find that the condition has an adverse effect on their work and family lives,” states Åse Vikanes, senior researcher at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health and specialist in gynaecology and obstetrics.
Making up for insufficient research activity
Hyperemesis came under the spotlight earlier this winter when Kate, the Duchess of Cambridge, was hospitalised because of it.
But research projects on this illness have been few and far between. When Dr Vikanes completed her doctoral degree in 2010 with funding from the Research Council of Norway, her thesis was the first in this field in Norway in 70 years.
“This is a relatively common affliction among women and even so it has been difficult to win understanding for the need for research. Not too many years ago, people sincerely believed that the cause could be the woman’s subconscious rejection of the child and the child’s father. The attitude in part has been that the pregnant woman needs to pull herself together,” Åse Vikanes explains.
The real cause behind severe nausea during pregnancy remains unknown and looks to be complex. But there is little to support the idea that the explanation is psychological.
Both hormones and genetics involved
Several studies have shown that elevated levels of oestrogen and the pregnancy hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), may be involved. The likelihood is that hormonal, genetic and socio-economic factors all play a part.
Hyperemesis is a relatively common affliction among women and even so it has been difficult to win understanding for the need for research, states Åse Vikanes, senior researcher at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health.
The occurrence of hyperemesis also varies with the mother’s age and the gender of the foetus, with younger mothers carrying baby girls at the greatest risk.
Nutrition and physical activity part of the picture
Dr Vikanes and her colleagues are now working to identify more risk factors linked to hyperemesis and to examine possible consequences of the condition on mother and child. Recent research has actually shown that the mother’s diet during pregnancy may be significant to the health of the child later in life.
Dr Vikanes is also involved in projects examining the impact of nutrition, physical activity and what can be referred to as “candidate genes”. Candidate genes are genes that may cause an individual to be predisposed to illness – in this case, hyperemesis.
“We need to learn more about this so we can help women who suffer from this condition to get better treatment,” Dr Vikanes concludes.
The Research Council’s research initiative on women’s health
The Research Council of Norway administers an overall research initiative on women’s health. Funding under the initiative is used in connection with specially selected projects awarded funding under one of the Research Council’s seven health programmes. The programmes are also responsible for incorporating research on women’s health into their regular research activities.
The Research Council funds a total of 35–40 women’s health projects at a given time. On the whole, the Research Council allocates NOK 40 million annually to research relating to women’s health.
Research projects focus on topics such as breast cancer, osteoporosis, reproductive health, women and effects/side effects of prescriptive medicines, social inequality in women’s health, domestic violence and women’s encounters with health services.
Contacts and sources:
Thomas Keilman
The Research Council of Norway
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