Ebola Timeline: October Calender Of Ebola Events, Outbreaks, Business Traveller Information (Video)

 

By Josey Wales

 

Below is a report put out by International SOS. They update this list daily with current outbreaks and Ebola news from around the world.

 

Each event has a link to the source for you to verify.

 

With all the bogus information floating around the web, this is one source you can use to vefiy the information you question.

 

You can clearly see the upward tick in Ebola cases and Ebola deaths just since the beginning of october.

 

International SOS has also put out a Business Travellers information video which I will include at the bottom of this page. It has important Ebola information business travellers need to know.

 

Imported cases:

Many locations are testing people who have travelled to Ebola-affected countries and returned with a fever and other symptoms. Nigeria, Senegal and the United States have confirmed imported cases of Ebola. International SOS is monitoring these closely. Click here for more details.

14 October
Germany: The United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) doctor who was evacuated to Germany has died. The Sudanese medic was being treated at St Georg Hospital in Leipzig.

 

Liberia: The Government of Liberia has announced plans to build 16 further ETUs to raise the nation’s bed capacity to more than 2000. Other units are due to open in the near future, including one in Old Congo Town, Monrovia. Read more…

 

UNMEER: The latest reports from the UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response for 13 & 14 October highlights nearly 8,700 cases and more than 4,150 deaths with no slowing in the “upward trajectory” of Ebola disease activity. Infections amoung healthcare workers are also increasing with 416 infected as at 8 October, of which 233 people have died. There is an urgent need for personal protective equipment (PPE), particularly in Liberia in centres which are not presently treating Ebola cases.

 

General medical service provision is suffering as a result of the lack of PPE. More than 21,000 household hygiene kits have been dispatched to Liberia to support the management of cases in households until sufficient ETU beds are made available.

 

Nigeria, Senegal: The WHO has issued a new situation assessment which explains that although the outbreak in these nations has not yet been declared over, the announcement will be made within 7 days if there continue to be no new cases. Read more on Nigeria, Senegal…

 

CDC: Three articles have been published in this week’s Morbidity and Mortality Report (MMWR) relating to Ebola preparedness in New York City, a cluster of Ebola cases in Monrovia affecting healthcare workers and the response of the Liberian Ministry of Health and Social Welfare in implementing an Incident Management System. Read more on Liberia and United States pages.

 

Treatment/Vaccines: The Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) has published a blog post, expanding on some of the NIAID-led developments in research towards new treatments and vaccines for Ebola. It covers the use of ZMapp, brincidofovir and lamivudine in combating Ebola, explaining that these are in the early stages of evaluation with further study planned. Two Ebola vaccine candidates are also entering trial stages with one underway in Maryland with more study sites planned.

 

13 October

WHO: In the Director-General’s key note address to the Regional Committee for the Western Pacific, the Ebola outbreak was described as an unprecedented “health event threaten[ing] the very survival of societies and governments in already very poor countries.” The number of new cases is rising exponentially in Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia. The statement emphasised the impact of widening social and economic inequalities on the severity of the outbreak, the economic losses which often arise from “uncoordinated and irrational efforts to avoid infection”, and although this disease mostly affects the poor, left unchecked there is a risk of global impact. The lack of proper health infrastructure in the West African nations has added to the damage wrought by Ebola. The Director-General also questioned the paucity of medicines and vaccines against Ebola, despite it being identified nearly forty years ago and concludes with the assertion that this outbreak highlights the fact that “…the world is ill-prepared to respond to any severe, sustained, and threatening public health emergency.” 

 

In another event, the World Health Organization has announced plans to develop a common set of tools to strengthen preparedness efforts against Ebola in currently unaffected countries in Africa. The toolkit will include a comprehensive checklist to help assess the level of preparedness and to prompt nations to request assistance. The countries have been categorised on the basis of risk to exposure, trade patterns and health infrastructure. The highest priority countries – Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea Bissau, Mali and Senegal will be targeted initially.

 

Liberia: Media sources report that healthcare workers have planned an indefinite strike starting midnight 12 October. Read more…

 

Canada, US: In a press release, the Government of Canada has confirmed the launch of the first human trials of its Ebola vaccine at the the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in Silver Spring, Maryland, United States.

 

ECDC: The European Centre for Disease Control has published initial guidelines on “Entry and exit screening measures” (PDF) for European Union (EU) member states. The guidelines acknowledge the importance of exit screening in affected countries, although early study into these measures suggests that no confirmed Ebola (EVD) cases have yet been detected attempting to depart. The value of entry screening is questioned, except:

 

• where there are doubts about the efficiency of exit screening 

 

• to detect the few who may develop fever between the time of departure and the time of arrival. This could be considered in particular for long haul flights with multiple connections, extending beyond 12 hours.  

 

The use of both non-contact infrared thermometers (NCIT) and thermal scanner cameras (TSC) are explored, together with the history of these technologies in previous epidemics. The ECDC concludes that “Overall, screening for EVD among travellers may detect a few contagious EVD cases over time. Given that exit screening is in place in the affected countries and the poor intrinsic performance of the methods available, entry screening for EVD is likely to have an exceedingly low yield and represents a high investment, which may only contribute to a limited extent, to the prevention of importation of the disease.”

 

12 October

United States: A healthcare worker at the Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital who cared for the nation’s first Ebola developed a fever on 10 October and was confirmed to have Ebola today. The woman is hospitalized in isolation, and reportedly only had contact with one other person while showing signs of Ebola.

 

That person is under “active monitoring” and has no symptoms. This is the first time Ebola has moved person-to-person in the United States, and only the second time it has ever spread between people outside Africa. (The first was a healthcare worker in Spain, announced last week.) The general public in Texas is not at risk. Read more about Ebola in the US…

 

11 October

Spain: The nurse’s condition is said to be improving, following treatment with ZMapp. Read more…

 

United States: Journalists from US NBC News who worked with an infected photojournalist (see story below, 6 October) have been ordered into quarantine in New Jersey. The order came after the crew did not comply with voluntary isolation. None of them have any symptoms of illness.  They are required to stay in home isolation until 22 October. The infected photojournalist is said to be improving.

 

10 October

Sierra Leone: Koinadugu remains the only district without confirmed cases of Ebola. On October 8, new cases were laboratory confirmed in Kono, Western Area, Moyamba and Bo. Travel restrictions are in place for seven of the country’s 12 districts – medical clearance and special permits are required. Read more…

 

Liberia: Unverified reports indicate that over 1300 peace-keepers of the Nigerian Army are under monitoring after unspecified contact with a Sudanese man who came to their camp, and died of Ebola.

 

Guinea: Media sources have reported a spike in Ebola cases at the Donka Ebola Treatment Centre. Read more…

 

WHO: In an update to the Ebola Response Roadmap, around 350 new cases and 160 deaths bring the totals to 8,376 and 4,024 respectively. This increase takes into account data up to 8 October, 3 days since the last full report. Although speculation about Gbarpolu county in Liberia has been circulating for some time, two cases have been confirmed there for the first time. Activity in two other counties appears to have stopped: River Cess and Maryland. It remains to be seen if this is a true reflection given the difficulty in aggregating accurate reports cited in the 8 October publication.

9 October

WHO Europe: The risk that Ebola will spread in Europe is low, though it is practically inevitable that a few cases will occur there due to international travel. This is the message from a press release issued by the Regional Director of Europe’s WHO Regional Office, who also stressed that “European countries are among the best prepared in the world to respond to viral haemorrhagic fever, including Ebola.”

 

The 8 October situation report by the UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response (UNMEER) highlights some of the constraints to health service delivery, the end of a health worker boycott in Bong County and an additional burial team for Liberia. In Guinea, a new Ebola Treatment Centre will be set up and staffed by the French Red Cross, and education campaigns have reached over 125,000 people in the last week.

 

United Kingdom: Media reports state that UK authorities may add “enhanced screening” for travellers arriving from Ebola-affected areas at Heathrow and Gatwick airports and at Eurostar train terminals. These measures could include taking a person’s travel history, discussing their contacts and travel plans as well as a medical screening. The United States just announced that they will enact measures at five international airports (see below). The British government statement on the enhanced screening measures, which includes advice from the Chief Medical Officer, reiterates that the overall risk to the UK public “continues to be very low”.

 

In other news, the Ministry of Defence have announced they will provide a ship and 3 helicopters, as well as 750 personnel to help set up Ebola treatment centres and an Ebola training academy. 

 

United States: The possible contact of the confirmed case who was under investigation in Dallas has tested negative for Ebola.

Authorities will enact extra health screening measures in five airports in the country: John F. Kennedy International Airport (in New York),Newark, Washington-Dulles, Chicago O’Hare and Atlanta. These five facilities receive around 94 percent of all travellers who enter the United States from the Ebola-affected nations of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone.

 

The CDC says measures will start next week in most places, with early initiation in New York on 11 October. Travellers arriving from Ebola areas will be observed for signs of illness, asked questions about their health and exposure to Ebola, and reminded to monitor their health for symptoms. Their temperature will also be measured. Read more about Ebola in the US…

 

Liberia, Germany: A second member of the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) team has been infected with Ebola. He has since been evacuated from Liberia to Leipzig, Germany for treatment in the St. Georg Hospital. He is the third Ebola case to be treated in the country. Two previous cases were treated in Hamburg and Frankfurt.

 

Spain: Additional people have been placed under monitoring, and media reports say the infected nursing assistant is in declining health. There are also reports that the woman stated she may not have followed infection control protocols closely enough, particularly when removing protective equipment. Read more about Ebola in Spain…

 

8 October

WHO: By the week ending 5 October, 8,033 people have been infected and 3,865 have died according to this week’s Ebola Roadmap SitRep. The situation in all three West African nations continues to deteriorate with widespread and sustained transmission of the disease. Liberian workers are struggling to collect and process data on the severity of disease activity in the country and lab reports are not being included in national reporting.

 

This significantly underestimates the genuine picture. More detail is included on the individual country pages but in summary: Guinea has recorded around 100 new confirmed cases in the past week; Liberia struggles to collect data but estimates of more than 200 clinical cases in the past week likely underplays the true situation; Sierra Leone also has seen a rise in cases week on week with more than 350 in the past week alone.

 

Sierra Leone: The Health Ministry has reported new cases and deaths in their latest update. Read more…

 

United States: The man hospitalised with Ebola in Dallas died. One of his possible contacts started showing signs of illness and is being tested for Ebola at the Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital. The photojournalist evacuated from Liberia who is being treated at the Nebraska Medical Center has begun treatment with the experimental antiviral medication Brincidofovir. Read more about Ebola in the US…

 

Liberia: An interim care centre to look after children orphaned by Ebola has been opened by Child Fund International in Monrovia.

 

There are several reports that the government will restrict media coverage at health facilities. They state that this is to protect the privacy of patients and healthcare workers and to ensure the safety of staff and journalists. Healthcare workers will not be allowed to give any information, and all interviews require advance approval from the Ministry of Health.
 

Samaritan’s Purse launched a new home-based education programme. This training will help community members support Ebola patients in remote areas more safely. Ebola patient care will be addressed, and participants will receive a kit that includes protective clothing, medicines, disinfectants and rehydration supplies. The first round will be implemented in River Gee County. The organisation also plans to build the first Community Care Centre in that county. Read more about Ebola in Liberia…

 

Sierra Leone, Norway: A Norwegian aid worker has been infected with Ebola in Sierra Leone while volunteering with MSF in Bo district. She was isolated and has been repatriated to Norway to receive treatment in Oslo.

 

Outlook: The World Bank has cautioned that the economic impact of the Ebola outbreak, which already is projected at US$2.2-7.4 billion loss by the end of 2014, could be as high as US$32 billion if neighbouring countries are also significantly infected. These figures are considered a “High Ebola” scenario, presuming slow containment of the current outbreak and spread of the virus to additional areas in the region. The report (PDF) suggests that these projected losses could be mitigated if other countries mount a robust response similar tot he one seen in Nigeria and Senegal.

 

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) published their year-long response plan (PDF) to the Ebola outbreak. The four pillars of the response aim to: stop the spread of disease; boost incomes and agricultural production; build resilience in the communities, and; strengthen response coordination. They predict that harvests will be severely affected by the lack of available labour in Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia. This threatens food security in those countries. Tens of thousands will be impacted.

 

7 October

 

Liberia: A new training program has been launched for the healthcare workers on Ebola patient care at Monrovia. At least six survivors will play a very important role in this training and share their experiences of Ebola infection. It is an initiative by World HealthOrganization (WHO) and Ministry of Health and a mock Ebola treatment unit has been constructed for the two-week long course. Over 400 health workers in batches of fifty will be attending the sessions. On successful completion the trainees will be eligible for employment in Ebola treatment centres across the country.

 

In the latest situation report, the Ministry of Health has confirmed additional cases and deaths.

 

Spain: Media sources have reported that a second healthcare worker has been isolated at a hospital in Madrid. Test results for Ebola and further details are awaited. Read more...

 

WHO: The World Health Organization has released a situation assessment regarding the mode of transmission of the Ebola virus. They refute claims that the virus spreads through air and the speculations that the virus may mutate into an airborne disease. The Ebola virus spreads thought direct physical contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated surfaces and objects.

 

Uganda: A 30-year-old man died from Marburg haemorrhagic fever in Kampala on 28 September. Dozens of people are being monitored after having had contact with the man with several developing symptoms. It is unknown how the first case contracted the disease, investigations into this outbreak continue.

 

 Marburg virus belongs to the same family of viruses as Ebola virus and is also transmitted through contact with bodily fluids. Marburg disease has no vaccine or cure, and can cause similar symptoms to Ebola such as fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhoea and bleeding. Public health measures will be needed to prevent this outbreak spreading.

 

This outbreak is independent to the Ebola epidemic ongoing in West Africa.

 

Aid: Norway is extending support to control the Ebola outbreak in the affected countries in the form of funds, personnel and equipment.

 

US: Media sources are reporting that the Dallas patient is being treated with an experimental drug. An antiviral medication, bricidofovir is being used. The drug is manufactured by a North Carolina-based company, Chimerix. Officials are yet to confirm this news.

 

6 October

 

Spain: A nurse who cared for two Ebola patients evacuated from Liberia and Sierra Leone in August and September has been confirmed infected with the virus. This is the first know instance of a person being infected with Ebola outside Africa. Read more…

 

MSF: Another Medecins Sans Frontieres health worker has been infected with Ebola. The Norwegian doctor has been working in Bo, Sierra Leone, and developed a fever on 5 October. She will be evacuated to Oslo for treatment. Norway has designated the Oslo University Hospital as the country’s Ebola treatment centre.  An investigation into how she was infected is underway.

 

 

United States: Media sources have reported that the American patient, a photojournalist infected with Ebola in Liberia, will be arriving in the country today and admitted to Nebraska Medical Centre.

 

In other news, media sources report that there are seven healthcare workers among the 10 close contacts of the Dallas case. Read more…

 

Sierra Leone: The Ministry of Health has reported new confirmed cases. Read more…

 

Liberia: US Navy mobile Ebola laboratories are operating at the Island clinic, Monrovia and in Bong County.
In other news, the Ministry of Information Culture Affairs and Tourism has introduced a new media access policy.

 

 

Journalists must secure written permission if they want to takephotographs or conduct interviews at Ebola healthcare facilities. According to the Minister, this policy protects the privacy of patients and healthcare workers and to protects the health and safety of both Liberians and international journalists. Read more...

 

Ethiopia: New sources are reporting that a 24-hour Ebola testing service has been launched at Bole International Airport, Addis Ababa, specifically to monitor and test passengers from 21 West African destinations.

 

5 October

 

Sierra Leone: The Public Health Agency of Canada has deployed a second field laboratory and staff to join an existing PHAC team working in Kailahun, eastern Sierra Leone. The laboratories will contribute to efforts to rapidly diagnose Ebola. The team will monitor the effectiveness of measures designed to prevent infection in the local communities

.

Treatment: The World Health Organization has issued a position paper on the use of convalescent blood or plasma in treating Ebola outbreaks. This interim guidance for national health authorities and blood transfusion services covers guidelines on selecting donors; screening and handling blood; transfusion processes and other topics. Read more…

 

 4 October

 

Canada: The Public Health Agency of Canada has clarified their position on donated vaccines. The Agency has confirmed that the 800-1000 vaccine doses are ready to be transported once “WHO requests that they be transferred or deployed.” This shipment is dependent on safety and ethical considerations which are yet to be resolved by WHO and the global community.

 

Aid: The German government has delivered medical supplies to Liberia in the first mission involving the German Air Force. The NGO-led German Liberia clinic (GERLIB) has established a 48-bed isolation centre for Ebola cases in Paynesville, Monrovia.

 

US: The number of contacts under close monitoring in Dallas has been reduced from 100 to around 50, with 10 labelled as “high risk” contacts. CDC officials met a flight landing in Newark, New Jersey from Brussels, Belgium on 4 October following reports that a passenger from Liberia was ill on board. Read more…

 

France: The French nurse who was medically evacuated to France for treatment on 19 September has recovered and been discharged from hospital. The nurse was infected while working as a volunteer with MSF in Liberia. A health ministry statement confirmed thenurse received a number of new antiviral medications, including Avigan (favipiravir).

 

Germany: The doctor from Senegal who was evacuated to Hamburg has recovered and been discharged from hospital. The doctor had contracted Ebola whilst working for theWorld Health Organization in Sierra Leone.

 

Nigeria: The Federal Ministry of Health has finalised plans to carry out “Train the Trainer” sessions across all states as part of enhanced preparedness for Ebola. These sessions will be directed at both health workers and state health educators to ensure the response is coordinated and that health workers are appropriately knowledgeable and protected. Training has also been offered to health workers from Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia.

 

Europe: In an open letter to European governments published in The Lancet, over 40 signatories have called on government leaders to “mobilise all possible resources to assist West Africa.” This includes the need to free up medical staff to volunteer, establish field laboratories and support the epidemiological surveillance.

 

The authors also call for critical infrastructure to be built up, including telecommunications, clean water and fuel. They highlight the critical shortage of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and urge local groups in West Africa to be empowered to bridge the gap between the international responders and the local communities.

 

Outlook: Two authors have called into question the apparently low case fatality rate in the current Ebola outbreak in West Africa. The report published in The Lancet states that the current values do not take into account the interval between confirming a case and knowing whether the case died or survived. They conclude, “The widely cited 2014 CFR of around 50% is therefore likely to be a substantial underestimate of the true value, and so the number could apparently rise over the course of the outbreak.”

 

3 October

 

UN:  The United Nations Mission for Ebola Emergency Response (UNMEER) has responded to recent media speculation that the Ebola virus could mutate or become airborne (PDF). The organisation states that there is no evidence that the Ebola virus is mutating to become airborne. UNMEER does not anticipate such a mutation and calls for Ebola response efforts to focus on the real needs in affected communities.

 

UNMEER has also released a statement (PDF) detailing the recent developments and international pledges of support following the “Defeating Ebola in Sierra Leone” conference held in London. The report also draws attention to the potential food crisis, given the impact Ebola has had on local and international trade in affected nations. Harvests are also threatened, further eroding food security in the region.

 

Liberia: A fifth American citizen working in West Africa is reported to have contracted Ebola. The 33-year-old man was working in Liberia as a freelance camera operator. He developed symptoms on 1 October and immediately isolated himself. Tests performed at an MSF treatment centre in Monrovia were reported to be positive on 2 October. It is unknown how he contracted the virus. The man will be medically evacuated back to the United States for treatment.

 

In other news, media sources have reported that, in the event the confirmed case in Dallas returns to Liberia, authorities there may prosecute him.  He may have made a false declaration on the screening questionnaire before departing Liberia, stating he had no contact with Ebola patients.

 

Yet it is believed that, before leaving Liberia for the US, he helped care for an infected pregnant woman in Monrovia who later died of the disease. It is not clear whether the man knew the woman died of Ebola.

 

United States: Health officials in Texas have legally ordered four close family members of the Dallas Ebola patient to stay home until at least 19 October. This is a precautionary measure. At this time, none of the family members have symptoms.

 

 

The family have also been asked not to have any visitors without approval from the local or state health departments. The order will remain in place until after one 21-day incubation period passes. (The incubation period is the time between when someone is exposed to the Ebola virus and when they begin to have symptoms.)

 

Three healthcare workers who survived infection with Ebola have been interviewed. In the journal Science, the survivors recall their stringent precautions taken against Ebola and all wonder how they were infected. The call patients whose Ebola status is unknown a “hidden danger”; people who have symptoms but do not disclose them or patients who may withhold information about contacts.

 

Germany: A Ugandan doctor, who was working in Sierra Leone, has been medically evacuated to Frankfurt suffering from Ebola. The patient will be treated in isolation at the Frankfurt University hospital. He is the second Ebola case to be treated in Germany following medical evacuation from West Africa.

 

Sierra Leone: New cases have been reported. Read more…

 

WHO: In their latest Ebola Response Roadmap Update, 7,470 total cases and 3,431 deaths have been reported up to 1 October in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. Exposure of healthcare worker has resulted in more than 380 of them becoming infected and at least 216 have died since the start of the outbreak. Nigeria and Senegal have completed at least 30 days since the last confirmed case in both nations and all contacts have completed the 21-day monitoring period in isolation with no new cases. The WHO update also includes confirmation of the patient in Dallas, Texas which is detailed on the United States page.

 

2 October

 

United States: The man who has Ebola in Texas first sought medical care on 25 September, several days before he was tested for Ebola and admitted to a hospital. He visited an emergency department on 25 September with abdominal pain and a low-grade fever. He reportedly told a nurse he had been in Liberia recently, but he was not screened for Ebola. His symptoms worsened and he returned to the hospital (via ambulance) on 28 September, when he was admitted into isolation and tested for Ebola.

 

Authorities will monitor around 100 people who may have had contact with this man, including ambulance staff and several school children. This is a conservative approach which casts a ‘wide net’ and includes people who are likely not at risk but will be screened anyway. None of them have any symptoms.

 

 

Public health officials stated it was unnecessary to contact trace fellow passengers on this man’s commercial flights since he felt well while travelling. Ebola is contagious only after the patient develops symptoms. Nevertheless, one airline has made an announcement about the flights they think he was on. Read more…

 

WHO: The World Health Organization organised an expert consultation on Ebola vaccines. More than 70 experts attended the meeting to assess the status of testing and to licensing two candidate Ebola vaccines. Experts from both affected and neighbouring countries in West Africa also attended the event. All participants agreed that the main immediate goal is”to have a fully tested and licensed product that can be scaled up for use in mass vaccination campaigns.”

 

ECDC: The European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention has updated their Rapid Risk Assessment (RRA) for the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. A dramatic increase in trend in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone in the coming months is indicated by projections published by different models. It further quoted “These projections should be regarded as indicative of possible trends and not as exact predictions.

 

Yet, all models point to a substantial increase in the number of cases if control efforts remain unchanged.” The RRA also assesses the risk to Europe and outlines what European Union (EU) member states can do to reduce these risks. The RRA explores the risk of infection for EU residents who may visit affected countries, and the risk of spread following importation into Europe, either as a planned medical evacuation or following commercial flight of an infected traveller.

 

1 October

 

WHO: In their latest Roadmap Situation Report #6, the World Health Organization says there have been 7,178 cases and 3,338 deaths up to 28 September. The situation in Guinea appears stable, there has been a slight fall in the number of new cases reported, mainly due to a drop in the number of new cases reported from Macenta. Liberia has also reported a fall in cases, it is likely that this is due to delays matching laboratory results with clinical surveillance data. The situation in Sierra Leone continues to deteriorate, as case numbers continue to increase. Port Loko, Bombali and Moyamba districts have been quarantined after a surge in cases over the past four weeks.

 

 

In Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, the WHO is monitoring response efforts in the following 5 domains:
 

• Case management: Ebola treatment centres, referral, and infection prevention and control.
•  
• Case confirmation
•  
• Surveillance
•  
• Safe and dignified burials
•  
• Socialisation
•  

Liberia: Media sources report that soldiers at the Edward Beyan Kesselley Barrack have been quarantined and the facility has been closed for 21 days. The step was initiated after at least seven soldiers from the Liberian army were infected with Ebola.

 

 

The soldiers have been admitted to John F Kennedy Ebola Treatment Centre. It is reported that one of the soldier’s may have acquired the infection from his spouse, which then spread to his close contacts at the barrack.

 

 

Critical Reads: More News Mainstream Media Chooses To Ignore By Josey Wales, Click Here!