Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system - Substance Abused Causes of Dementia

By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it’s news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

         Diseases of Central Nervous system

                           Dementia

About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people’s every life and Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.II. Causes of dementia
F.  Substance Abused Causes of Dementia
Illicit drug used may cause nervous system impairment due to their direct and indirect effects on the integrity and function of nervous system tissue, probably through immune altered effects(124). Injection drug users has shown to increase risk of dementia, up to 40% of patients with HIV infection(125)

1. Heroin 
Heroin (diacetylmorphine or morphine diacetate (INN)), also known as diamorphine (BAN), an opiate drug extracted from the seed pod of the Asian opium poppy plant, showed to induce dysfunction of different components of cortico-striatal (forebrain) circuitry in response to recognition memory, spatial working memory, planning, sequence generation, visual discrimination learning, and attentional set-shifting of groups of subjects(126).

2. Cocaine and Methamphetamine
Cocaine (benzoylmethylecgonine) (INN), a crystalline tropane alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant showed to induce  rapidly accelerating HIV dementia accompanied by seizures and an unusual movement disorder(127).

3. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
Lysergic acid diethylamide, abbreviated LSD or LSD-25, also known as lysergide and colloquially as acid, is a semisynthetic psychedelic drug used to treat patients with mental disorders may temporarily alter the thinking processes, closed and open eye visuals, synaesthesia, an altered sense of time, etc.(128), but regain the ability to judge, to acquire competence and new learning, to focus attention and concentrate, to recall and retrieve relevant information(129)

4. Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, or MDMA
Ecstasy, a highly addictive drug, is a powerful CNS stimulant with chemically similar to the stimulant methamphetamine and hallucinogen mescaline shown to induced confusion, depression, sleep problems, drug craving, and severe anxiety(130).

5. Other illicit drugs
Finally, we would like to conclude this article by quoting the study at University of Rostock, Dr. Büttner A. indicated that drug abuse represents a significant health issue. The major substances abused substances including cannabis, opiates, cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine and ‘ecstasy’. altered intracellular messenger pathways, transcription factors and immediate early genes within the brain reward system may lead to cardiovascular complications, psychiatric and neurologic symptoms due to their widespread disturbances within the complex network of central nervous system in cell-to-cell interaction(131).

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References
(124) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10871763
(125) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11057932
(126) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10882838 
(127) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11519485
(128) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysergic_acid_diethylamide
(129) http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/library/studies/cu/CU52.html
(130) http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/infofacts/mdma-ecstasy
(131) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20946118