Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Poria cocos(Fu Ling)

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By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it’s news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

         Diseases of Central Nervous system

                           Dementia

About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people’s every life and Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.

V. Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective(1)
According to the Unilever R&D Shanghai, and Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Dr. and the team of researchers, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), in 3000 years’ literary history, the top 5 TCM herb ingredients including Poria cocos(720), Radix polygalae, Radix glycyrrhizae, Radix angelica sinensis, and Radix rehmanniae have been used extensively for treatment of dementia.
C.1. 1. Poria cocos(Fu Ling)
Fu Ling, fu shen or fu ling pi also known as Poria, the bland, sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM as diuretics(711) and to treat urinary difficulty(711), edema(711), diarrhea(715), emesis(717), vomiting(716), dizziness(716), heart diseases(717)(718), etc., as it eliminates water, strengthens the Spleen, calms the Mind, etc., by enhancing the functions of heart, spleen, lung and kidney channels. The herb has shown to exhibited various biological activities including anti-tumor(713), antibacterial, anti-inflammation(712), immunodepression(712) and antioxidant(711)(713)(714).

Phytochemicals
1. Pachymose
2. Albuninoid
3. Pachymaran
4. B-pachyman
5. B-pachymanase,
6. Pachymic acid,
7. Tumulosic acid,
8. Eburioic acid,
9. Pinicolic acid,
10. Etc.

Fu Ling(720) used for treatment and prevention of dementia(719) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to their effectiveness of phytochemicals in attenuation of oxidative stress in initiation of neurodegeneration and enhanced neuroprotection(719).

1. Learning and memory impairments
Kyung-Ok-Ko (KOK), the traditional Chine medicine formula, containing Poria cocos, showed effectively in exhibition of its anti-inflammatory effects in protection of brain neuron through attenuating memory(721)(722) and learning impairment(723). In senile dementia, herbal Poria cocos also elicited memory-improving effects in vivo and in vitro through its sinapic acid, tenuifolin, isoliquiritigenin, liquiritigenin, glabridin, ferulic acid antioxidants via cholinergic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, neurogenetic, and anti-Aβ activities(722).Yokukansan (TJ-54), another Chinese medicine formula, containing Poria cocos, also inhibited neurological disorders, including dementia and Alzheimer’s disease(723) symptoms of memory and behaviors disturbance(724), probably through its anti-cholinesterase activity(725).

2.  Cognitive dysfunction
In patients of dementia with  cognitive dysfunction, Liuwei Dihuang decoction, containing Poria cocos, showed significantly in attenuated the neural apoptosis, inflammation and Aβ deposition in the hippocampus and cerebral corte(726) causes of cognitive impairment(727) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. In spatial cognition, herbal formula Toki-Shakuyaku-San and fractions of Angelica acutiloba, improved memory and working memory impaired by scopolamine in animal study(728).

3. Alzheimer disease
In mouse model of Alzheimer disease, herbal formula Jangwonhwan, not only showed effectively in ameliorated AD-like pathology, but also exhibited its neuroprotective effects against Abeta-induced cell death, and the Abeta accumulation and plaque deposition in the brain(730), probably through attenuation of reactive oxidative stress(729), by suppressed Aβ-induced apoptosis and ROS production(731).

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Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus – Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia – Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine  by Kyle J. Norton
 

References
(711) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23847967
(712) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21347995
(713) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24751506
(714) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24875321
(715) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Poria+cocos+diarrhea
(716) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19446542
(717) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24933223
(718) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15198902
(719) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22303969
(720) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23433049
(721) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22303969
(722) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21808655
(722) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21305632
(723) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20812276
(724) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19801831
(725) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15500267
(726) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24041458 
(727) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22310556
(728) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15351791
(729) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20685330
(730) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20669372
(731) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21762767