Artificial Leaf Is Mini Medicine Factory
With their ‘artificial leaf’ researchers, under the guidance of the Eindhoven chemical engineer Timothy Noël, reaped a lot of admiration about a year and a half ago. First they succeeded in making chemical reactions possible with sunlight – something that had previously seemed almost impossible. Chemists had dreamed of this possibility for ages, but the problem was that the amount of sunlight was not sufficient.
Even with the naked eye the amount of light captured by the ‘mini-factories’ is visible, lit up bright red. The ‘veins’ through the leaves are the thin channels through which liquid can be pumped. The start products enter the one channel, light causes the reactions and the end product comes out via the other channels.
Credit: Bart van Overbeeke
Problem: not always the same amount of sun
One of the biggest practical problems to apply this on a large scale is that there is not always the same intensity of sunlight. Because, for example, the sky is cloudy or the sunlight varies in intensity and composition during the day. “If there is too much light, you get unwanted by-products and if there is too little light, the reactions do not take place or do so too slowly,” Noël explains. “Ideally, the system should automatically adapt to the amount of incoming sunlight.”
The feedback system developed does exactly that. It consists of just three relatively simple elements. A light sensor measures the amount of light that reaches the channels. A microcontroller translates this signal to a pump speed. And the pump drives the fluids through the channels at that speed. All this costs less than 50 euros. Experiments to determine the required pump speed for a specific light intensity enabled the researchers to optimize the feedback loop.
Test on the roof
In addition to lab testing under artificial light, they also tested their system outdoors in natural sunlight, on top of the roof of one of the buildings on the TU/e campus. At a yield setting of 90%, the system kept production stable for an hour at between 86% and 93%. The same system without feedback looping varied significantly between 55% and 97%. The average yield was increased by about 20% thanks to the feedback loop.
According to Noël, this brings a cheap and sustainable reactor considerably closer to being able to produce chemical products on a large scale, wherever you want, with only sunlight as an energy source. “It is inevitable that energy prices will rise. And with a source of energy like the sun that is free and available, these kinds of technological solutions can make the difference.”
Barry van der Meer
Eindhoven University of Technology
Citation: Real-time reaction control for solar production of chemicals under fluctuating irradiance,
Fang Zhao, Dario Cambié, Volker Hessel, Michael Debije and Timothy Noël, Green Chemistry 2018, 24 april 2018 DOI: 10.1039/c8gc00613j
Source:
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Worringly cool. A medicine factory can also be a bio chem lab, let’s hope they don’t partner with bill gates