Emperor Caligula Brought an End to the Illustrious Ptolemies, But Why?

When Cleopatra VII and Mark Anthony closed their eyes for the last time, passing through to their longed-for afterlife, among the successors were their three orphans: Alexander Helios, Cleopatra Selene II, and Ptolemy Philadelphus. The one who finally became ambassador of the testimony of the powerful couple was Cleopatra Selene, whose son became the character of the last episode of the famous family of Ptolemies.

The remarkable fame of the Ptolemies was related to the impressive rule of Alexander of Macedonia (‘Alexander the Great’), whose short life transformed the world forever. Although he died at the young age of 32, his military genius in conquering new lands became an inspiration and unreachable goal to many who would follow.

Alexander had founded the great city of Alexandria in 331 BC, which flourished under the wealthy Ptolemaic dynasty. The dynasty was greatly admired due to its grand and powerful roots, but at the same time, the cockiness and terrible diplomacy of many Ptolemies caused them numerous troubles. The story of the last man from the dynasty ends with the shadow of Alexander behind him and the Emperor of Rome celebrating his death.

The detail of the Alexander Mosaic showing Alexander the Great. (Public Domain)