Chevrons Pointed to Hidden Room in the Great Pyramid Discovered by Muography (Photos, Video)
A previously unknown void has been found in the Great Pyramid of Giza by a team of team of researchers known as #ScanPyramids. The team measured muons penetrating the pyramid like x-rays from the cosmos to find the hidden room. The technique is known as muography.
The team presented to the Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Antiquities the conclusive findings of the first year of operation of the #ScanPyramids project, which could be summarized as follows
1. This is the first time in history that three complementary techniques using Muography, Thermography and 3D simulation are used to “scan” the Great Pyramid of Giza.
2. The #ScanPyramids team is able to confirm the presence of an unknown cavity on the North Eastern edge of the Pyramid, at a height of about 105 m from the ground.
3. The #ScanPyramids team is able to confirm the presence of an unknown void behind the chevrons of above the descending corridor of the great pyramid, while its shape, size and extension are still under further investigation by the team.
Image 10 – 3D reconstruction – Area analyzed by Muon sensitive plates positioned in the descending corridor
Credit: Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities, HIP Institute and the Faculty of Engineering (Cairo University).
Also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops, it is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering what is now El Giza, Egypt. It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact.
Using muography, judiciously placed detectors (for example inside a pyramid, below a potential, unknown chamber) can then record muon particle tracks and discern cavities (which muons cross with practically no interactions) from denser regions in which some muons are absorbed or deflected. The challenge of such measurements consists in building extremely precise detectors and in accumulating enough data (over several days or months) to increase the contrast.
Pyramid of Khufu
Credit: Wikimedia Commons/ Nina Aldin Thune in the immediate vicinity of the image. Distribution: Creative Commons
Based on a mark in an interior chamber naming the work gang and a reference to fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu, Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb over a 10 to 20-year period concluding around 2560 BC. Initially at 146.5 metres (481 feet), the Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure in the world for more than 3,800 years. Originally, the Great Pyramid was covered by casing stones that formed a smooth outer surface; what is seen today is the underlying core structure
On October 13th, The #ScanPyramids team met at the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities, with the Scientific committee of Egyptologists appointed by H.E. Dr. Khaled El-Enany, Minister of Antiquities, in order to present the first conclusive results of the muography survey conducted on the Khufu Pyramid since June 2016.
Credit: ScanPyramids 2017
Hawass and is composed of Dr. Mark Lehner, Director of Ancient Egypt Research Associates (AERA); Dr. Miroslav Barta, Director of the Czech Archaeological Mission in Saqqara and Dr. Rainer Stadelmann, former director of the German Archaeological Institute and and Dr. Mahmoud Afifi, Director of Egyptian Antiquities sector, Supreme Counsel of Antiquities, Ministry of Antiquities.
The findings:
North Face of Khufu Pyramid
Among several thermal anomalies that have been detected back in November 2015 by the infrared specialist Jean-Claude Barré (France), a significant one was found on the Northern Face of the Great Pyramid, in the area where 4 visible chevrons overhang the descending corridor.
Another in depth thermal survey was conducted over 3 x 24 hours, by Laval University (Canada) to confirm that this area was a point of interest, where different blocks comprised of the same material in the same orientation were supposed to exhibit similar behavior, which was not the case.
Image 1 – Infrared short survey Image 2 – Infrared 3 x 24 hours survey
The many questions raised in this area motivated the team to invest in a complete Muography process through the descending corridor of the pyramid (which is just below), keeping in mind that when the pyramid was finished 4500 years ago, the chevrons of this area were not visible, as they were hidden under casing stones that were dismantled throughout centuries.
Today we still see the remains of those chevrons and oblique stones which most probably are parts of propped missing chevrons covering a kind of void that might have existed before stones were dismantled.
We have also to keep in mind that inside the Great Pyramid there are other chevrons covering the King and the Queen Chambers. In ancient architecture, chevrons were not used for decoration, but they have had a very practical purpose: to protect a void and prevents the roof from collapsing. The question posed here was: why so many chevrons are put to protect such a small area at the beginning of the descending corridor?
Image 3 – Khufu with casing stones 4500 years ago Image 4 – Khufu’s internal view of known structures
Credit: Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities, HIP Institute and the Faculty of Engineering (Cairo University).
Credit: Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities, HIP Institute and the Faculty of Engineering (Cairo University).
Image 9 – 3D reconstruction – Cut view of disappeared chevrons above descending corridor
Credit: Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities, HIP Institute and the Faculty of Engineering (Cairo University).
Image 11 – Nagoya University Muon sensitive plates in Image 12 – Nagoya University emulsion film setup in the descending corridor that have been analyzed descending corridor
Credit: Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities, HIP Institute and the Faculty of Engineering (Cairo University).
Image 13 – Comparison of muography simulation and results for descending corridor
Credit: Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities, HIP Institute and the Faculty of Engineering (Cairo University).
Having conducting those three complementary techniques, we are now able to confirm the existence of a “void” hidden behind the North Face, that could have the form of at least one corridor going inside the Great Pyramid. The precise shape, size, and exact position of this void is now under further investigation. It should be done with the help of 12 new Muon Emulsion plates that are installed in the descending corridor, and will be collected by the end of October 2016.
The #ScanPyramids team is also completing the investigations by 3D simulation of different architectural hypotheses, with the aid of Muography simulators.
Image 14 – 3D reconstruction – Schematic view of the void behind north face (shape exact position and size to be tuned)
Credit: Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities, HIP Institute and the Faculty of Engineering (Cairo University).
North East Edge of Khufu Pyramid
Beginning of June, Muon gas detectors (telescopes) were deployed outside the great pyramid, around the North Eastern edge; two on the Eastern side and one on the Northern side. They were pointed at a notch located 150 m away (height of 83 m), with the goal to validate their performance of detecting a known cavity (C2) of 9m² that scholars have reported previously.
Credit: Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities, HIP Institute and the Faculty of Engineering (Cairo University).
The analysis of the collected data revealed 3 known notches (N1, N2, N3).
Around the zone of notch N2, a statistically significant muon excess (6.3 sigma) revealed a correspondence to the cavity already known, i.e. perfectly compatible with the size of the known “room” (C2), and thus fully confirms the performance of the telescopes. This cavity is known to be 6m deep from the edge of the Pyramid.
In addition, another statistically significant excess (5.1 sigma) has been detected close to the edge, at around 105 m high, in the vicinity of another, small notch (N1) invisible from the ground. This excess corresponds to an unknown cavity (C1) with around the same volume of the known room (C2). Further data analysis is still in progress to check for additional cavities of that sort.
Image 16 – CEA Muography results for Khufu’s north east edge
Credit: Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities, HIP Institute and the Faculty of Engineering (Cairo University).
In the forthcoming months, the telescopes will be placed again and pointed towards the other edges of the pyramid for further data acquisition.
Khufu’s Queen Chamber
The ScanPyramids team is still acquiring muon data inside Khufu’s Queen Chamber with other emulsion films and an electronic scintillator installed by KEK (Japan). We expect to have the results of the analysis of those instruments during the first three months of 2017.
Image 17 – KEK Muon electronic scintillator in Khufu’s Queen chamber
Credit: Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities, HIP Institute and the Faculty of Engineering (Cairo University).
More information on muography
Muon particles permanently reach the Earth with a speed close to the speed of light and a flux around 10,000 per m² per minute. They originate from the interactions of cosmic rays created in the Universe with the atoms of the upper atmosphere. Similar to X-rays which can penetrate the body and allow bone imaging, these elementary particles, also called “heavy electrons”, can go through hundreds of meters of stone before being absorbed.
This muography technique is frequently used in volcanology, in particular by research teams of Nagoya University. Within the ScanPyramids mission, three types of detectors have been developed. Nagoya University uses chemical detectors based on silver emulsion films. The KEK has built an electronic device that works with muon-sensitive, scintillating plastics. Such instruments allowed the imaging of nuclear reactor interiors in Fukushima. The muon telescopes of CEA, which joined the mission on April 15th, are made of gaseous detectors based on an argon mixture. In contrast to chemical emulsions, electronic instruments (plastic or gas) allow for real-time imaging.
About #ScanPyramids
#ScanPyramids mission (www.scanpyramids.org) was launched on 25 October 2015 under the authority of the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities and is led by Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, and HIP.Institute (www.hip.institute) , Paris (Heritage, Innovation and
Preservation Institute). This project aims at scanning, some of the Egyptian Pyramids: Khufu, Khafre, the Bent and the Red Pyramids. #ScanPyramids combines several non-invasive and non-destructive scanning techniques in order to try to detect the presence of any unknown internal structures and cavities in ancient monuments, which may lead to a better understanding of their structure and their construction processes / techniques. This mission is currently using Infrared thermography, muon tomography and 3D reconstruction techniques.
Several international scientific institutions are part of #ScanPyramids: Nagoya University
(Japan), KEK (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization – Tsukuba – Japan) and CEA (French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission – Saclay – France) for muon techniques and Laval University (Quebec – Canada) for infrared thermography.
Contacts and sources:
Source: http://www.ineffableisland.com/2017/11/chevrons-pointed-to-hidden-room-in.html
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We should sacrifice one pyramid by taking it apart stone by stone to solve the mystery forever.