Infectious Diseases: The Phytochemicals That Suppress Over Growth of Candida, Scientists Say

By Kyle J. Norton, Scholar, Master of Nutrition

Candida albicans are members of a large group of micro organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within the membranes, including yeast(2)(3), fungi(4)(5)(6), and mold(6) that live among the gut flora in the human mouth and gastrointestinal tract.

Non-albicans Candida (NAC) species cause 35-65% of all candidaemias in the general patient population(1).

Phytochemicals are various biologically active compounds found in plants.
 

The major function of these chemical compound is to protect the host plant against oxidation

Today, the name list of phytochemicals found in plants are only represented a tiny fraction of entire pytochemicals family.

According to general belief, human will never find a complete list of phytochemicals in plants which contains millions of known and unknown species.

In human, intake of phytochemical regularly from food sources is found to exhibit certain health benefits, including

In many cases, biofilm(microorganisms with cells stick to each other on a surface) formation(7) gene mutations(8) and over expression of genes(9)(10) are often associated with increased candida resistance toward antifungal drugs.

The Anti Over Growth of Candida Phytochemicals

1. L-glutamine
L-glutamine is one of the 20 amino acids encoded by the standard genetic code and used to treat certain gastrointestinal disorders(342)(343) by serving as a source of fuel for the cells that line the gastrointestinal tract.

According to Ankara University, L-glutamine inhibited the over growth of candida through its antimutagenic and antimicrobial activities(344).

2. N-acetyl-glucosamine
N-acetyl-glucosamine is a monosaccharide derivative of glucose that supports the digestive track function and maintains healthy intestinal lining by stimulating cell growth in the intestinal track(345).

According to National Institute of Plant Genome Research, GIG2 (GlcNAc-induced gene 2). involved in the metabolism of N-acetylneuraminate (sialic acid), effectively decreased fungal burden in mouse model(346).

3. Rice-bran oil Extracted
 from the germ and inner husk of rice, containing a compound gamma-oryzanol(347) showed to reduce the risk of gastric ulcers caused by stress while at the same time maintaining gastrointestinal motility(348).

According to Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed University, rice bran oil immobilized lipase from Candida, a potential pathway for fungal overgrowth(349).

4. Pancreatic enzymes supplements
Pancreatic enzymes, found as supplements and in certain foods allow more bacteria to grow in the intestine by enabling the food to be digested a lot easier(350). Insufficient pancreatic enzymes can quickly encourage Candida overgrowth in the digestive tracts(351).

5. Butyric acid
Butyric acid, a fatty acid occurring in the form of esters in animal fats and plant oils, was effective in inhibited pathogenic organisms(352) through improved digestion and promoted intestinal health(353) by producing bacteria to feed on lactic acid, then multiplying and revving up their production(354) .

Butyric acid also consists anti-inflammatory property(355) and strengthens the intestinal mucosal barrier.(356).

5. Fructo-oligosaccharides(FOS)
Fructo-oligosaccharides(FOS) is a class of oligosaccharides used as an artificial or alternative sweetener(357), extracted from fruits and vegetables such as bananas, onions, chicory root, garlic, asparagus, barley, wheat, tomatoes, and leeks(358). It is inulin-type prebiotics(359), stimulated the growth of friendly bacteria in the intestine track to counter react to other bad bacteria(360)(362) such as candida. Oligosaccharides also induce gas formation, through increasing faecal biomass and water content of the stools, for improvement of bowel habits(361),

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