Ancient Egyptian Transportation

 They established many shipbuilding centers along the Nile, among them Al-Fustat, Qalzim, Alexandria, and Tanis. Alexandria was a major port and its ships carrying goods from Ethiopia, India, China, and all ports of the Mediterranean Sea. In the Fatimid era, Egypt became one of the most powerful navy. For distances much shorter than would be traveled by boat, sedan chairs were the preferred mode of transportation in the Old Kingdom and Middle for the royal class. Sedan chairs seem to have disappeared after these periods. The officer would be sitting with the knees drawn to chest, holding a fan. The chairs usually have a thick cushion for comfort and file for support. The chairs rested on two long poles, including two or more servants lifted to carry the chair.Domestic animals such as donkeys and mules were the charge carriers most common in ancient Egypt and were used for agriculture.  

The donkeys were domesticated in the fourth millennium BC and were used almost exclusively for land travel up to the Persian period. The horses were brought to Egypt by the Hyksos invading army at the end of the Middle Kingdom. Horses were generally used to pull two-wheeled chariots rather than mounted. In the New Kingdom, Egyptians began horse breeding and horses belonged to the military elite and the ruling class.Occasional and infrequent mention of camel or dromedary hump may be encountered as part of the Early Dynastic period. But not before the foreign conquerors of Assyrians, Persians, and Alexander the Great were these animals brought in more in Egypt. By the Ptolemaic period, camels were used as the main animals for transportation across the desert.