The History and Significance of Graduation Caps and Gowns

Graduation is a significant milestone in an individual’s academic journey. It marks the culmination of years of hard work, dedication, and perseverance. One of the most iconic symbols of this momentous occasion is the traditional “cap and gown” attire worn by graduates. But have you ever wondered about the origins and significance of this attire? Let’s delve into the history and meaning behind the graduation cap and gown.

Origins of the Graduation Attire

The tradition of wearing special academic clothing dates back to the 12th and 13th centuries. Universities were taking form in Europe, and a uniform dress code was established to create a sense of unity and belonging among scholars. The attire was also practical. Monastic scholars, who were often students or teachers at these early universities, wore long robes with hoods to keep warm in the unheated buildings.

The Cap: Mortarboard and Tam

The graduation cap, also known as the mortarboard, is believed to have evolved from the biretta, a similar-looking hat worn by Catholic clergy. The square shape of the mortarboard is said to represent the mortar and pestle used by alchemists, symbolizing the power and importance of education. The tassel attached to the cap is moved from the right side to the left once the graduate receives their diploma, signifying the transition from student to graduate.

In some academic settings, particularly at the doctoral level, graduates might wear a tam instead of a mortarboard. The tam is a soft, round, and poofy hat, which can have four, six, or eight corners. It’s often made of velvet and represents a higher level of academic achievement.

The Gown: A Symbol of Status

The gown, or robe, worn by graduates varies in design based on the degree being conferred. Bachelor’s degree gowns are usually simple, with a closed front and wide, pointed sleeves. Master’s degree gowns have oblong sleeves, while doctoral gowns are the most elaborate, with velvet panels down the front and three velvet bars on the bell-shaped sleeves.

The color of the gown and its accents can signify the graduate’s field of study. For instance, a person earning a degree in liberal arts might wear a white gown, while someone in engineering might wear orange. These color codes can vary by institution.

The Hood: Denoting Academic Achievements

Often overlooked but equally significant is the academic hood. This piece of the graduation attire drapes over the shoulders and down the back, with a colorful lining that reflects the colors of the institution conferring the degree. The velvet trim color on the hood indicates the graduate’s field of study. The length and size of the hood vary depending on the degree, with doctoral hoods being the longest.

Modern Significance of the Cap and Gown

Today, the cap and gown are more than just traditional attire. They symbolize the achievements, struggles, and challenges that students overcome during their academic journey. Wearing them is a rite of passage, signifying the transition from one phase of life to another. For many, it’s a proud moment to stand in that attire, reflecting on the journey and looking forward to the future.

In conclusion, the graduation cap and gown are steeped in history and tradition. Their design and colors tell a story of academic achievement and discipline. As graduates don the cap and gown, they are not just wearing a piece of clothing but are enveloped in centuries of academic tradition, marking their place in the long line of scholars who have come before them. Whether you’re a student eagerly awaiting your turn to wear this iconic attire or a proud parent or friend, understanding the significance of the cap and gown adds depth to the graduation experience.