(4th edited )Most common diseases of Elders- Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): TCM herbal Xiu Hui Xiang (Fennel) treatments of Dementia Caused by Toxin Accumulation

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                      Diseases of Central Nervous system

                           Dementia

About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people’s every life and Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.
V. Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective(*)
Based on Chinese ancient medical records. causes of dementia are the results of (*)

C.5.  According to TCM philosophy, dementia is also to be induced by the combination/or of Kidney essence vacuity and toxin (turbid phlegm).
 C.5.1. Dementia due to toxins accumulation
Toxins accumulation in  internal organs disturbed the balance of immunity(1213)(1214) may cause  impairment of food intake regulation(1215), exhibition of phlegm(1208)(1208)(1210), retention of fluid(1211)(1212) and blood statsis(1209) induced early the onset of dementia, in aging population with depletion of kidney-essence(1208)(1209), according to traditional Chinese medicine.

Herbal Medicine for toxins elimination
Chinese Herbal medicine for toxins elimination
2. Xiu Hui Xiang (Fennel)
Xiu Hui Xiang, the acrid and warm herb, is also known as fennel, native to Mediterranean, used in traditional Chinese medicine  as anti microbal(1232)(1233), antioxidant(1234)(1235) and emmenagogue(1236) and estrogenic(1244) and androgenic(1245) agents and to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis(1237)(1238), treat hepatic fibrosis(1239), gastro intestine disorder(1240)(1241), decrease hair thickness(1243) and increase flow of breast milk(1242) by enhancing function of liver, kidney, spleen, stomach channels(1231).

Phytoshemicals  
1. Linoleic acid         
2. Palmitic acid  
3. Arachidic acid  
4. Behenic acid      
5. Quercetin  
6. Phytosteryl b-fructofuranoside  
7. 7-hydroxycoumarin 
8. 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin  
9. Oleanolic acid     
10. Sitosterol  
11. Fenchone 
12. α-pinene  
13. Limonene  
14. β-Pinene  
15. β-Myrcene  
16. α-Phellandrene  
17. P-Cymol  
18. Etc. 

Xiu Hui Xiang (Fennel) used in the treatment of symptoms of neurodegenerative disorder, including age-related mental problems of Alzheimer’s disease(1246)) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals in acetylcholinesterase inhibition(1246) and anti inflammation(1247) through suppression of the nuclear factor-kappaB activation pathway(1247) involved stress, cell signaling, free radicals, oxidized LDL,activities(1248)(1249)(1250)(1251).

1. In anxiolytic activity
Anxiety is a condition of neurodisorder of unpleasant state of inner turmoil with fear of the presence and future, according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders American Psychiatric Association, effecting patients with dementia, included familial Alzheimer’s disease(1252) and other neuropsychiatric disorders(1254). Fennel, a medical herb used in many cultures, have shown effectively in treating anxiety, epidemiologically. In adult Swiss albino male mice, oral administration 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of fennel essential oil significantly increased percent number of entries and time spent in open arms in elevated plus maze (EPM) test(1255).

2. In learning and memory
Fennels, the most widely used herbal plant in the world(1256) used in traditional Iranian medicine and modern phytotherapy for memory enhancing(1257).  In Alzheimer’s disease, induced a decline of cognitive abilities in mice model, fennel extract successfully ameliorated the amnesic effect of scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg) and aging- induced memory deficits in 8 days in dose-depend manner, through increased step-down latency and acetylcholinesterase inhibition(1258).

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References
(*) http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2012/692621/  
(1208) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24187864 
(1209) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22500712
(1210) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24155069 
(1211) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25155658 
(1212) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25162367 
(1213) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24719080 
(1214) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22866982 
(1215) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16769094 
(1231) http://alternativehealing.org/xiao_hui_xiang.htm

(1232) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25384804
(1233) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21462837
(1234) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21812646
(1235) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25143939
(1236) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=fennel+emmenagogue
(1237) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22447109
(1238) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25050267
(1239) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22475144
(1240) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22433535
(1241) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20433751
(1242) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6999244
(1243) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24490010
(1244) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6999244
(1245) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13678227
(1246) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=fennel+dementia
(1247) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15659827
(1248) http://www.nature.com/onc/journal/v25/n51/full/1209954a.html
(1249) http://link.springer.com/article/10.1385%2FCT%3A6%3A2%3A111
(1250) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10602459
(1251) http://www.nature.com/nrm/journal/v8/n1/full/nrm2083.html
(1252) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25688083
(1253) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25687925
(1254) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25653291
(1255) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=fennel+and+anxiety
(1256) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25162032
(1257) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23275017