Good Noise, Bad Noise: White Noise Improves Hearing
Noise is not the same as noise – and even a quiet environment does not have the same effect as white noise. With a background of continuous white noise, hearing pure sounds becomes even more precise, as researchers from the University of Basel have shown in a study in Cell Reports. Their findings could be applied to the further development of cochlear implants.
Credit: Javier Valcarce García / Wikimedia Commons
Researchers led by Prof. Dr. Tania Rinaldi Barkat from the Department of Biomedicine at the University of Basel have investigated the neuronal foundation of sound perception and sound discrimination in a challenging sound environment. The focus was on research into the auditory cortex – the “auditory brain,” that is, the area of the brain that processes acoustic stimuli. The resulting activity patterns stem from measurements in a mouse brain.
As is well known, the distinction between sounds becomes more difficult the closer they are in the frequency spectrum. Initially, the researchers assumed that additional noise could make such a hearing task even more difficult. However, the opposite was observed: The team was able to demonstrate that the brain’s ability to distinguish subtle tone differences improved when white noise was added to the background. Compared to a quiet environment, the noise thus facilitated auditory perception.
The data of the research group showed that white noise significantly inhibited the activity of the nerve cells in the auditory cortex. Paradoxically, this suppression of the neuronal excitation led to a more precise perception of the pure tones. “We found that less overlap occurred between populations of neurons during two separate tone representations,” explains Professor Tania Barkat. “As a result, the overall reduction in neuronal activity produced a more distinct tone representation.”
To confirm that the auditory cortex and not another area of the brain was responsible for neuronal activity and sound perception in the experiments, the researchers used the light-controlled technique of optogenetics. Their findings could possibly be used to improve auditory perception in situations where sounds are difficult to distinguish. According to Barkart, it is conceivable that cochlear implants could be equipped with an effect similar to white noise in order to improve the frequency resolution and thus the hearing result of their users.
Contacts and sources:
Basel University
Citation: Tania Rinaldi Barkat et al.
White noise background improves tone discrimination by suppressing cortical tuning curves
Cell Reports (2019), doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.049
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