Metals that mimic Bamboo Gradient structure will make stronger and more stretchable body armor and other parts
“If you looked at metal under a microscope you’d see that it is composed of millions of closely-packed grains,” says Yuntian Zhu, a professor of materials science and engineering at NC State and senior author of two papers on the new work. “The size and disposition of those grains affect the metal’s physical characteristics.”
“Having small grains on the surface makes the metal harder, but also makes it less ductile – meaning it can’t be stretched very far without breaking,” says Xiaolei Wu, a professor of materials science at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Mechanics, and lead author of the two papers. “But if we gradually increase the size of the grains lower down in the material, we can make the metal more ductile. You see similar variation in the size and distribution of structures in a cross-section of bone or a bamboo stalk. In short, the gradual interface of the large and small grains makes the overall material stronger and more ductile, which is a combination of characteristics that is unattainable in conventional materials.
“We call this a ‘gradient structure,’ and you can use this technique to customize a metal’s characteristics,” Wu adds
Material Research Letters – Synergetic Strengthening by Gradient Structure
PNAS – Extraordinary strain hardening by gradient structure
Source: http://nextbigfuture.com/2014/07/metals-that-mimic-bamboo-gradient.html
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