Pesticides Accumulate in the Fat Tissue
In a scientific article published in the well-known journal Marine Pollution Bulletin a group of authors including Vasiliy Tsygankov, head of Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and associate professor of the School of Biomedicine at FEFU; Olga Lukyanova, Leading Researcher of the Pacific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-Center) and professor of the School of Natural Sciences at FEFU; and Margarita Boyarova, associate professor of the School of Biomedicine of FEFU presented the results of a study of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) build-up effect in the bodies of seabirds and marine mammals living in the north-western part of the Pacific Ocean.
This is a map of sampling: black star — seabirds, white star — marine mammals
Credit: Vasiliy Tsygankov
Although pesticides are targeted to damage particular noxious organisms, they often also affect non-target species badly.
The scientists concluded that the higher the place of an organism in the food chain is, the more toxins can be accumulated in its body. The study also points out that long-living species accumulate in their organs more pesticides than the species that have shorter life cycles. For example, there are low pesticides in the bodies of small fishes, but in seabirds, mammals, and carnivores that eat such fishes the levels of OCP concentration are higher.
The subject of the study was materials collected from gray whales, Pacific walruses, and seabirds (Northern fulmar, Crested auklet, Auklet-crumb, Pacific gull, and Gray petrel).
The scientists point out generally high levels of OCP concentration in the organs of seabirds and marine animals and specify that the level of pollution in the bodies of mammals was higher due to bigger fat content.
Average OCPs concentration in organs of seabirds: 1 — Northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis); 2 — crested auklet (Aethia crastatella); 3 — auklet-crumb (Aethia pusilla); 4 — Pacific gull (Larus schistisagus); 5 — gray petrel (Oceanodroma furcata). Error bars indicate on values, for the calculation of which several samples were used.
Credit: Vasiliy Tsygankov
The level of OCP accumulation in marine organisms is an important indicator of global environmental status. This parameter is taken into consideration in the course of both local and global environment monitoring. By studying OCP concentrations in the bodies of marine organisms with long life cycles scientists can determine the total level of pesticide pollution in the ocean. On the other hand, studying fish helps them to control local environmental status.
This is a the concentration of selected OCPs in organs of gray whale (A) and Pacific walrus (B)
“Organochlorine pesticides are a serious threat for people, and the situation worsens with time. For example, due to the actions of China and India, the concentration of OCP in the Indian Ocean is constantly growing. The USA also produce pesticides for sale,” – comments Kirill Golokhvast, provost for research at FEFU and Doctor of Biology.
Research Methodology
To study the samples taken from the organisms of seabirds and marine animals the team used method of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). This technology is considered the gold standard in the field of identifying chemical substances in basic and complex mixtures. The studied samples were homogenized, and lipids were recovered from the end material to be analyzed for the presence of OCP. The samples for the study had been collected for three years, from 2010 to 2013. The materials for the analysis included feathers of seabirds, their skin, liver, muscles, and bodies in general, as well as muscles and livers of gray whales and Pacific walruses.
Maria Lukina
Source: http://www.ineffableisland.com/2018/03/pesticides-accumulate-in-fat-tissue.html
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