Tornadoes From the Ground up Not in the Clouds as Once Thought
Historically, scientists assumed tornado rotation began in storm clouds, creating a funnel that travels downwards. This theory matches what storm chasers commonly observe visually in the field. Viewers often report seeing funnel clouds gradually descending until they make contact with the ground.
But new research combining a new type of Doppler radar with photos and videos of tornadoes formed by supercell thunderstorms shows the opposite is true: Tornadoes materialize from the ground up.
Weather forecasters typically issue tornado warnings based on radar observations of strong rotation above the ground, but the new findings suggest forecasters must re-evaluate their warning procedure, according to the researchers.
A tornado in Galatia, Kansas on 25 May 2012 as it was decaying.
Credit: Jana Houser.
Research conducted in the 1970s suggested tornadoes form from rotation that starts several kilometers above Earth’s surface. The theory was that this funnel gradually sucked in air from below, descending until it touched the ground.
Most meteorologists have accepted this theory of tornado formation, but a series of new observations from rapidly scanning radars has started to change that.
One of the pivotal cases contributing to the new understanding of tornado formation occurred on May 31, 2013. On this day, the El Reno tornado formed in central Oklahoma and shattered previous tornado records. It was the widest tornado ever recorded, peaking at 4.2 kilometers (2.6 miles) wide, and had wind speeds of more than 480 kilometers per hour (300 miles per hour), the second-highest wind speeds recorded on Earth.
Credit: Nick Nolte, CC-BY-3.0.
When Houser compared her radar data with images collected by Seimon, she noticed something odd. The images clearly showed a visible tornado at the ground several minutes before her radar picked it up.
Puzzled, Houser went back through her radar data and analyzed the data taken at the ground. It is typically difficult to get good radar measurements at or near the ground, but Houser and her team had deployed their instrument on a slight rise and there were no obstructions between them and the tornado, so this time, they had data good enough to work with.
Jana Houser standing next to the Rapid X-Pol radar instrument, a new type of rapidly-scanning mobile radar system, during a storm chase on 8 May 2012.
Credit: Jana Houser.
She found clear evidence of rotation at the ground before there was rotation at higher altitudes. Houser then examined other sets of tornado data and found that in many cases, tornado-strength rotation develops at or near the ground first, rather than starting in the cloud itself. In all four datasets she analyzed, none of the tornadoes formed following the classical “top-down” process.
“It emphasizes the fact that we need to have strong, low-level, basically near-ground level rotation, located in the right spot, at the right time, with respect to the larger parent storm circulations in order to form a tornado,” Houser said.
Source: http://www.ineffableisland.com/2018/12/tornadoes-from-ground-up-not-in-clouds.html
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Whistler Blowers, Insiders
Um. Always and everywhere, tornadoes are an electrical discharge phenomenon. Z pinch makes the whirling.
I think the best study I ever read was that most “studies” are wrong… just like this one.. If you live in the midwest,
you can watch funnel clouds form up in the wall clouds, and then drop down to the ground. Then they will sometimes
raise back up again and drop back down somewhere else. Tornadoes will skip along their paths sometimes.
To prove how wrong this study is, rotation would have a hard time keeping it’s rotation going with some major
obstacle in the way, such as a large building. Tornadoes are driven from the energy and rotation from above,
not from the ground. Another case of a bad study being let out.
If what the author is saying is true, you would see the action on the ground first before the funnel touched
down, and that is just not the case at all. You see the funnel touching the ground and causing havoc with
things it comes into contact with. If the swirling happened on the ground first, you would see havoc
happening, before the funnel touched it.. This article is a bunch of really bad science done by someone
who wanted some grant money.
I believe in the old way of tornado formation, that is the natural way. This they are speaking of could be a weather tech phenomena, you know owning the weather docs.
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