tDCS Peripheral Nerve Stimulation: A Neglected Mode of Action?
In the November 13, 2020 episode of Shark Tank (Season 12, Episode 5), two earnest entrepreneurs, Ken and Allyson, try to persuade five investors, the “sharks,” to buy into their company. The entrepreneurs sell LIFTiD, a device that applies a small steady current to the forehead. Ken said it’s supposed to improve “productivity, focus, and performance.” Allyson claimed it’s a “smarter way to get a… boost of energy.”
The device is based on transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). In 2009 I published an editorial in the journal Clinical Neurophysiology to accompany a paper appearing in the same issue by Pedro Miranda and his colleagues (Clin. Neurophysiol., Volume 120, Pages 1183–1187, 2009), in which they calculated the electric field in the brain caused by a 1 mA current applied to the scalp. I wrote
Although Miranda et al.’s paper is useful and enlightening, one crucial issue is not addressed: the mechanism of tDCS. In other words, how does the electric field interact with the neurons to modulate their excitability? Miranda et al. calculate a current density in the brain on the order of 0.01 mA/cm2, which corresponds to an electric field of about 0.3 V/m (a magnitude that is consistent with other studies (Wagner et al., 2007)). Such a small electric field should polarize a neuron only slightly. Hause’s model of a single neuron predicts that a 10 V/m electric field would induce a transmembrane potential of 6–8 mV (Hause, 1975), implying that the 0.3 V/m electric field during tDCS should produce a transmembrane potential of less than 1 mV. Can such a small polarization significantly influence neuron excitability? If so, how? These questions perplex me, yet answers are essential for understanding tDCS. Detailed models of the cortical geometry and brain heterogeneities may be necessary to address this issue (Silva et al., 2008), but ultimately the response of the neuron (or network of neurons) to the electric field must be included in the model in order to unravel the mechanism. Moreover, because the effect of tDCS can last for up to an hour after the current turns off (Nitsche et al., 2008), the mechanism is likely to be more complicated than just neural polarization.
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LIFTiD Neurostimulation Personal Brain Stimulator; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFzihXprRUM
Source: http://hobbieroth.blogspot.com/2021/07/tdcs-peripheral-nerve-stimulation.html
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Only reptiles would use electricity to stimulate neurons. Color and sound is already proven to work. So, this makes us wonder if the squints did their research in the first place or just took the money with the attached agenda?