Fight For Your Honor! The Holmgang And Viking Law

 Throughout their history, the Vikings were known as ferocious fighters, seafarers, raiders, and traders. The popular image depicts them as somewhat rambunctious and lawless – but that is far from the truth. To maintain a functioning society, the Vikings relied on strict laws and social norms. One of the most popular of these – and best attested – was the holmgang. 

A common way to settle disputes between men, the holmgang was a sword duel that placed to the test one’s courage, skill in combat, and social status. It took a lot of courage to stand your ground against a fierce fighter, ready to maim you. Could you do it too? 

The Viking Thing

It’s no secret that Vikings were quick to anger and were often quick to draw their sword. In the early medieval world, a man’s honor was highly prized. One insulting word – and blood could quickly be spilled. Of course, a society in which men kill each other daily for simple insults would never thrive and endure. That’s why it was important to have some semblance of law in place. 

For the Vikings, the most important governing body was known as the Thing. The Thing was basically a court of the people. It consisted of the town or village elders and prominent men, as well as the people’s ruler – the earl. 

Together, these men would pass new laws and judgements on which they would mutually agree, all in sight of the gathered folk. Every free man and woman gathered had their say in all matters.