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By Luis Miranda, The Real Agenda
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End of Liberal International Order ensures the end of the United Nations

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John Bolton, the ex-ambassador to the United Nations under President Bush Junior, and the present advisor on national security under President Trump, is opposed to one particular aspect of the United Nations. For him, it is out of the question for anyone to bring influence to bear on his country on any subject whatsoever. Consequently, the five powers which are the permanent members of the Security Council in New York form a world-wide directorate which defines the law of nations… but cannot impose anything at all on the United States. This opinion, « exceptionalism », has always been that of Washington, even if the rest of the world has not yet realised it. [1]. It has now reappeared in a very particular international context, and will shake up the world as we know it. This US « exceptionalism » refers to the myth of the « Pilgrim Fathers » – a group of Puritans, persecuted in England, where they were seen as dangerous fanatics, and who first of all sought refuge in Holland, then in America, where they arrived on the Mayflower in 1620. They built a new society there, founded on the fear of God. It was « the first democratic nation », a « Light on the Hill », destined to uplift the world. The United States are therefore an « example » for others, and have a « mission » to convert the world to the Will of God. Of course, the historical reality is very different from this tale, but that’s not what we’re talking about. For two centuries, every President of the United States without exception has referred to this historical falsification. Accordingly  they negotiate, sign and adopt treaties, always stipulating reservations in order to avoid applying them in internal law;  they consider that they follow the « Will of God » while their enemies refuse to do so, and therefore condemn them with greater severity for the same behaviour they allow themselves (the double standard);  they refuse any international jurisdiction which may apply to their internal affairs. This attitude leads to misunderstanding, particularly since the Europeans, despite the fact that they make no effort to understand the characteristics of others, remain convinced that they are open-minded. Thus they believed that the US refusal to adopt the Paris Agreement on climate can be ascribed to the supposed obscurantism of President Trump. In reality, however, this has been Washington’s constant position. The Paris Agreement of 2015 was preceded by the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, which Washington also refused. Although they had a hand in writing it, the United States were determined not to adopt it because it imposed certain behaviour on their citizens. President Clinton attempted to negotiate reservations which the United Nations refused. He therefore signed the Protocol, which he sent to the Senate for ratification. The Senate – Republicans and Democrats – rejected it unanimously, which provided him with an argument for relaunching his negotiations. The refusal of any international legal disposition which applies to internal affairs does not mean that the United States reject the objective of the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement – reducing atmospheric pollution – nor that they are unwilling to apply dispositions in this sense, but only those which affect internal law. In any case, exceptionalism implies that the United States are « a Nation like no other ». At home, they believe they are an example of democracy, but refuse to be the equals of anyone else, who, therefore, can under no circumstances consider them democratic. During the Cold War, the Allies chose to ignore this cultural characteristic, while their enemies took no notice. From the disappearance of the Soviet Union to the decline of the West, when the world was unipolar, this particularity was never mentioned. But today it is destroying the system of collective security. Let’s note that two other states in the world have a doctrine close to that of US exceptionalism – Israël and Saudi Arabia. Having described the context, we will now examine how the sovereignty of the Golan plateau has stirred up a hornets’ nest. The United States and the Golan After the Six-day War (1967) Israël occupied the Syrian Golan Heights. Resolution 242 of the Security Council « emphasising the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war » ordered the « withdrawal of Israëli armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict » [2]. In 1981, the Knesset unilaterally decided to violate this resolution and to annex the Golan Heights. The Security Council responded by passing resolution 497, stating that « the Israëli decision to impose its laws, jurisdiction and administration in the occupied Syrian Golan Heights is null and void and without international legal effect » [3]. For 38 years, the United Nations were unable to apply these resolutions, but they remained indisputable and were still supported by the United States. On 26 March 2019, the United States recognised Israëli sovereignty over occupied Golan, meaning the acquisition of territories by war [4]. By doing so, they recanted their 52-year-old vote in the Security Council concerning the Golan, and also the principles of the United Nations Charter [5] which, for 74 years, have governed the elaboration of international law. The UNO will continue to exist for several years, but from this moment on, its resolutions will have only a relative value, since they are unable to force the obedience of those who adopted […] Read the rest below at the source link


Source: https://real-agenda.com/end-of-liberal-international-order-ensures-the-end-of-the-united-nations/



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