The European Union and the Trade War with Russia (Part II)

TND Guest Contributor: Valentin Katasonov | 

Click here for Part I

 Which EU countries could suffer the most from a retaliatory blow by Russia?

In speaking of the economic war started by the West against Russia, it has been pointed out that on the European front of this war, new disproportions leading to a significant asymmetry are inevitably emerging within the European Union. Only the foreign trade ‘heavyweights’ represented by a small group of European countries could inflict serious damage on Russia. The backbone of this group is made up of Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and Italy. But a Russian retaliation would cause, and is already starting to cause, the greatest damage to other EU member countries… In order to determine which countries could become the main victims of a trade war, let us turn to Tables 4 and 5. They show the importance of trade with Russia for individual EU countries.

Table 4.

Russia’s position in the ‘foreign’ exports of EU member countries (2012)*

Country  Russia’s share of the country’s total exports, %

Countries in which Russia occupies first place

Hungary  3.2

Latvia  11.4

Lithuania  18.9

Poland 5.5

Slovakia 4.2

Finland  4.5

The Czech Republic 3.9

Estonia  17.5

Countries in which Russia occupies second place

Romania 2.3

Slovenia  4.5

Countries in which Russia occupies third place

Austria 2.5

The Netherlands  1.6

Croatia  3.4

Countries in which Russia occupies fourth place

Germany  3.5

Italy  2.6

Country	Russia’s share of the country’s total exports, %
Countries in which Russia occupies first place
Hungary	3.2
Latvia	11.4
Lithuania	18.9
Poland	5.5
Slovakia	4.2
Finland	4.5
The Czech Republic	3.9
Estonia	17.5
Countries in which Russia occupies second place
Romania	2.3
Slovenia	4.5
Countries in which Russia occupies third place
Austria	2.5
The Netherlands	1.6
Croatia	3.4
Countries in which Russia occupies fourth place
Germany	3.5
Italy	2.6
Luxembourg	1.3
Sweden	2.0

* ‘Foreign’ exports is understood to mean the export of goods to countries outside the borders of the European Union. There are also ‘internal’ exports, which is the export of goods from one EU country to another. ‘Internal’ exports top the list in every EU member country (and exceed 50 per cent in nearly all of them). ‘Internal’ and ‘foreign’ exports make up the total exports.

Source: WTO

In the ‘foreign’ exports of those countries not listed in Table 4, Russia ranks much lower. These countries are: Belgium, Greece, Denmark, Ireland, Spain, Malta, and Portugal.

Table 5

Russia’s position in the ‘foreign’ imports of EU member countries (2012)*

Country	Russia’s share of the country’s total imports, %
Countries in which Russia occupies first place
Bulgaria	20.2
Hungary	8.8
Greece	12.4
Latvia	9.4
Lithuania	23.3
Poland	14.6
Romania	4.4
Slovakia	9.9
Finland	17.6
Croatia	7.6
Estonia	11.8
Countries in which Russia occupies second place
Italy	4.8
The Czech Republic	5.7
Sweden	5.3
Countries in which Russia occupies third place
Belgium	2.5
Germany	4.7
Spain	3.2
Malta	2.5
The Netherlands	5.2
Countries in which Russia occupies fourth place
Denmark	1.2
Slovenia	1.9
France	2.3

* ‘Foreign’ imports is understood to mean the import of goods from countries outside the borders of the European Union. There are also ‘internal’ imports, which is the import of goods from other EU countries. ‘Internal’ imports top the list in every EU member country (and exceed 50 per cent in nearly all of them). ‘Internal’ and ‘foreign’ imports make up the total imports.

Source: WTO

In the ‘foreign’ imports of those countries not listed in Table 5, Russia ranks much lower. These countries are: Austria, Great Britain, Ireland, Cyprus, Luxembourg, and Portugal.

Let us try to compare the data in Tables 4 and 5. It can be seen that the lists of EU member countries for whom Russia is the main ‘foreign’ trading partner for both exports and imports are largely the same. Let us now draw up a general list that includes the countries for whom Russia is the number one trading partner (Table 6).

Table 6

EU member countries for whom Russia is the main partner for both ‘foreign’ exports and ‘foreign’ imports (2012)

Country	Russia’s share of the country’s total exports, %	Russia’s share of the country’s total imports, %
Hungary	3.2	8.8
Latvia	11.4	9.4
Lithuania	18.9	23.3
Poland	5.5	14.6
Slovakia	4.2	9.9
Finland	4.5	17.6
Estonia	17.5	11.8

Source: WTO

As can be seen from Table 6, there are seven countries in the European Union that are completely dependent on trade with Russia. At present, there is much in the media about the serious repercussions of a trade war for Latvia in connection with the ban announced by Russia on the import of agricultural produce from this country. As can be seen from Table 6, however, the dependence of Lithuania and Estonia on trade with Russia is even greater than Latvia’s. Therefore, Russian counter-sanctions could inflict even greater damage on the economies of these Baltic States. For the remaining four countries (Hungary, Finland, Poland and Slovakia), Russia has been their main foreign trade partner since Soviet times.

Obviously, the statistical data cited above give only a very general overview of countries in the European Union in terms of the ‘value’ of their participation in the trade and economic war against Russia. There are other figures that need to be added to this picture. Investment exchange figures, for example. It should also be borne in mind that a number of EU countries are heavily dependent on energy supplies from Russia. According to Eurostat, the share of Russian gas supplies in the energy mix of the European Union stands at 30 per cent. Finland is 100 per cent dependent on natural gas supplies from Russia, Bulgaria – 85 per cent, the Czech Republic – 80 per cent, Slovakia – 63 per cent, Greece – 55 per cent, Poland – 54 per cent, Austria – 52 per cent, Hungary – 49 per cent, Belgium – 43 per cent, and Germany – 40 per cent. The list of EU countries that are most energy dependent on Russia, therefore, turns out to be certain European countries for whom Russia is not officially the main trading partner.

(To be concluded…)

This article appeared at the Strategic Culture Foundation on-line journal www.strategic-culture.org and is reprinted with permission.

Source: http://thenewsdoctors.com/the-european-union-and-the-trade-war-with-russia-part-ii/