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January 2018 Data Update 5: Country Risk Update

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In my last post, I looked at the currency confusions that globalization has brought into financial analysis, and how to clean up for them. In this post, I discuss the other aspect of globalization that is forcing analysts to change long accepted practices in estimating equity risk premiums for companies. Taking what they have learned from finance textbooks blindly, practitioners have taken what they learned about equity risk premiums to emerging and frontier equity markets, often with disastrous results. Not only have they practiced denial when it comes to the additional risk that investors face in many markets, from political, economic and legal sources, but they have also considered risk by looking at where a company is incorporated, instead of where it does business. In this post, I will update my country risk measures for the start of 2018, and build on them to measure the equity risk premiums for companies.

Country Default Risk

The more widely measured and accessible measures of sovereign risk are related to sovereign default, and as we noted in the post on currency risk free rates, there are three ways in which default risk in countries can be measured. The first is to use government bonds, denominated in US dollars or Euros, issued by sovereigns and to compare the rates on these bonds to a US treasury or German Euro bond rate. The second is to use the sovereign CDS spreads for countries, market-driven numbers, as default risk measures. 

The third is to use the sovereign ratings of countries as proxies of default risk and to convert these ratings to default spreads. 

1. Sovereign Rating/Spread

The leading ratings agencies including S&P, Moody’s and Fitch have long since expanded their business of rating bonds for default risk from corporations to looking at entire countries. These “sovereign” ratings are estimated on both foreign currency and local currency terms, with the ratings spectrum ranging from Aaa to D, just as with corporate bonds. One way of capturing the default risk variations across the world is with a heat map, based upon local currency sovereign ratings:

Datasets

  1. Country Ratings, PRS scores and Equity Risk Premiums (January 2018)
  2. Equity Risk Premiums, by Country – Detailed (January 2018)
  3. Company Risk Premium Calculator (Spreadsheet)
Papers
Data Update Posts
  1. January 2018 Data Update 1: Numbers don’t lie, or do they?
  2. January 2018 Data Update 2: The Buoyancy of US Equities!
  3. January 2018 Data Update 3: Taxing Questions on Value
  4. January 2018 Data Update 4: The Currency Conundrum
  5. January 2018 Data Update 5: Country Risk Update
  6. January 2018 Data Update 6: Cost of Capital – A Global Update
  7. January 2018 Data Update 7: Growth and Value – Investment Returns
  8. January 2018 Data Update 8: Debt and Taxes
  9. January 2018 Data Update 9: The Cash Harvest – Dividend Policy
  10. January 2018 Data Update 10: The Pricing Prerogative


Source: http://aswathdamodaran.blogspot.com/2018/01/january-2018-data-update-5-country-risk.html



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