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Killer Plant burns, scars and kills if ingested: Plant causes burning blisters and long-lasting scars

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Giant Hogweed – Health Advice


If you see this plant, avoid it! Contact with the plant can cause severe skin rashes, burning blisters and long-lasting scars.


Giant hogweed makes an impressive appearance because of its height, and the size of the leaves and flower clusters. But it may spell trouble for people who are sensitive to the plant sap, a clear and watery fluid. The combination of sap on the skin and exposure to sunlight can produce painful, burning blisters within 24-48 hours. Contact with the plant sap can also result in purple or black scars.

What should I do if I come in contact with giant hogweed?

If you are exposed to the plant sap, wash it off immediately and avoid sunlight. Using sunscreen on affected areas may help prevent further reactions from occurring when outside. Call your doctor for any severe reactions. He or she may prescribe a steroid cream to relieve swelling or inflammation. For skin irritation, wet dressings or compresses soaked in an aluminum acetate mixture (your pharmacist can help you find this) may offer relief.

How do I know giant hogweed when I see it?

Giant hogweed looks a lot like some other plants, which may also cause skin reactions, such as wild parsnip. It can be as tall as 15 feet, with leaves spanning 2-5 feet. It has a thick green stem with purple areas. The stem, leaf and flower stalks are hairy. It has small white flowers in big clusters, looking like Queen Anne’s Lace. In late summer, small green fruit that quickly turns brown replaces the flowers. Giant hogweed seeds are easily windblown or carried by water and spread to new areas. It grows in rich, moist soils along roadside ditches, stream banks, tree lines and wooded areas.

Can I remove the giant hogweed?

Do not mow, cut or weed whack the plant, as it will just send up new growth and put you at risk for being exposed to sap – the same kind of thing that would happen with poison ivy or sumac. Seek advice from professional plant control specialists about management options. If you must touch giant hogweed, wear disposable rubber gloves, a long-sleeved shirt and pants. If you get sap on your clothes or body, wash it off.

Where can I get more information?

Call the toll-free Giant Hogweed Hotline at 1-845-256-3111 for more information and to report the location where you saw giant hogweed. More information about how to control the weed and photographs to help you identify the plant can be found on the following websites:

This stuff is dangerous. It burns skin and does the same if idiocally ingested.  There is at least one report of a kid swallowing part of a plant and dying.  Which is not surprizing, given what exposed skin looks like, after coming in contact with the stuff.
 

The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) regulates giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum) as a noxious weed. This weed, which can be either biennial or perennial, grows to a height between 8 and 15 feet. Giant hogweed often has a taproot but can also have fibrous roots. It has hollow stems between 2 and 4 inches in diameter with dark reddish-purple splotches and pustulate coarse white hairs or bristles. The deeply incised compound leaves grow up to 5 feet in width. Hairs on the underside of the leaf are stiff, dense, and stubby. The large umbrella-shaped flower heads are up to 2 1/2 feet in diameter across a flat top with numerous small flowers. The small flower appears from mid-May through July. Giant hogweed produces flattened, oval-shaped fruit with a broad, rounded base and wide marginal ridges. This weed sprouts in the early spring from the roots or seed.


Photos (clockwise from left): Terry English, USDA – APHIS PPQ, www.forestryimages.org; Donna R. Ellis, University of Connecticut, www.forestryimages.org; Terry English, USDA-APHIS PPQ,www.forestryimages.org; USDA APHIS PPQ Archives, USDA APHIS PPQ, www.forestryimages.org.

Giant hogweed, which is native to the Caucasus, has been introduced into Europe, Great Britain, Canada, and the United States. Although it is listed as a Federal noxious weed and is illegal to bring into the United States or move across State lines, giant hogweed is known to occur in New York, Pennsylvania, and Washington. Reports of infestations have been received from Maine, Michigan, and Washington, DC. This weed has been planted as an ornamental in the United States and may have also been brought into this country for its fruit, used as a spice (golmar) in Iranian cooking.

Giant hogweed is likely to naturalize in many of the places where it has been first introduced. The plants thrive in many habitats but do particularly well where the soil has been disturbed, such as on wastelands, riverbanks, and along railroads. The weed prefers moist soil and partial shade, and can quickly dominate an area where the conditions are just right.

Both people and animals may have a sensitivity toward the giant hogweed’s sap. Furocoumarins in the sap can cause a skin reaction known as photodermatitis. When photodermatitis occurs in people, their skin becomes sensitive to ultraviolet light in sunlight. This sensitivity can lead to long-lasting swelling and blisters. Contact with the eyes can cause temporary and sometimes permanent blindness.

 

Photo: USDA APHIS PPQ Archives, USDA APHIS,
www.forestryimages.org.

APHIS’ Federal noxious weed program is designed to prevent the introduction into the United States of nonindigenous invasive plants and to prevent the spread of newly introduced invasive plants within the United States. Noxious weed activities include exclusion, permitting, eradication of incipient infestations, survey, data management, public education, and (in cooperation with other agencies) integrated management of introduced weeds, including biological control.

For more information on giant hogweed, contact: 
Dr. Alan Tasker, the Federal Noxious Weeds program coordinator, (301) 734-5708, [email protected] 
Invasive Plant Atlas of New England, http://invasives.eeb.uconn.edu/ipane/ 
Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council, Inc., http://www.ma-eppc.org 
National Invasive Species Information Center, http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov
Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health, Giant Hogweed,http://www.agriculture.state.pa.us/agriculture/cwp/view.asp?a=3&q=128383
Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas, http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/
The Bugwood Network, MA-EPPC Plant List, http://www.invasive.org/maweeds.cfm 
USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/fsheet_faq_notice/fs_phhgweed.html 
USDA APHIS PPQ, AERO, Domestic Programs Pest Evaluation, Raleigh, NC, http://www.invasive.org/eastern/other/hogweed.html
USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area, Invasive Plants: Weeds of the Week, http://www.na.fs.fed.us/fhp/invasive_plants/weeds/ 
USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database, http://plants.usda.gov/

 



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