Most Common Diseases of the 50+:Upper gastrointestinal disorders - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding - The Prevention

Home of Kyle J. Norton for The Better of Living & Living Health The prevalence of upper gastrointestinal (GI) diseases is increasing in subjects aged 65 years and over. Pathophysiological changes in esophageal functions that occur with aging may, at least in part, be responsible for the high prevalence of
1. Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in old age.
2. The incidence of gastric and duodenal ulcers and their bleeding complications is increasing in old-aged populations worldwide.
3.  H. pylori infection in elderly patients with H. pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease and severe chronic gastritis
4.  Almost 40% of GU and 25% of DU in the elderly patients are associated with the use of NSAID(1) and/or aspirin(2).(a)

IV. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding 
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is defined as hemorrhaging derived from a source proximal to the ligament of Treitz. It is life threatening and considered as medical emergency, which is followed by high mortality rate, ranging from 6 to 15% in spite of modern diagnostic methods and treatment.

 J.4. Prevention
1. Reduce stress
Stress-damage of upper gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) mucous membrane and gastro-intestinal hemorrhage (GIH)(17).

2. Cardiac surgery
GI bleeding events occurred approximately 10 days after cardiac surgery in patients with a complicated postoperative course. Improving the heart function is the best way to reduced risk of Upper gastrointestinal bleeding(18).

3. Drugs, alcohol and smoking
Chronic moderate alcohol consumption by itself does not seem to increase the liability to peptic ulceration. With highly concentrated alcoholic beverages, gastric bleeding from acute lesions may, however, be occasionally precipitated under certain circumstances, such as when unbuffered ASA is taken concomitantly. Smoking of cigarettes is associated, and perhaps causally related, with an increased incidence of gastric and duodenal ulcerations, impaired ulcer healing, and more frequent ulcer recurrences(19).
4. Avoid prolonged period intake of aspirin and medication which can induce Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), such as Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)Naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, Aleve)Ketoprofen (Orudis).

5. No extreme exercise
Gastrointestinal (GI) complaints are common among athletes with rates in the range of 30% to 70%. Both the intensity of sport and the type of sporting activity have been shown to be contributing factors in the development of GI symptoms. Three important factors have been postulated as contributing to the pathophysiology of GI complaints in athletes: mechanical forces, altered GI blood flow, and neuroendocrine changes. As a result of those factors, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), nausea, vomiting, gastritis, peptic ulcers, GI bleeding, or exercise-related transient abdominal pain (ETAP) may develop(20).

6. Etc. 

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Sources
(1a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1065003/table/T1/   
(19) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6378444
(20) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22410703
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