Hormone Catecholamines - Dopamine on cellular and humoral immune responses

Home of Kyle J. Norton for The Better of Living & Living Health Hormone Catecholamines, derived from the amino acid tyrosine, produced by the adrenal glands, which are found on top of the kidneys. are epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and dopamine. The hormone are released into the blood during times of physical or emotional stress.
Dopamine on cellular and humoral immune responses
In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that apart from its hemodynamic action dopamine can modulate immune responses. According to the study by Institut für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum, dopamine reduces the synthesis of proinflammatory and induces the synthesis of anti-inflammatory mediators. Dopamine inhibits neurohormone synthesis, lymphocyte proliferation and platelet aggregation. It reduces the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and induces apoptosis. Particularly with regard to sepsis, where high serum dopamine levels are reached by enhanced endogenous production, exogenous application and impaired clearance, this immunomodulation may have a clinical impact(18).

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(18) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15997388  http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com