Single Virus Found Fast in Urine: Heralds Easy Detection Method for Ebola, Zika and HIV
Viruses are microscopic; they range in size from about 20 to 400 nanometers in diameter (1 nanometer = 10-9 meters) and are only seen through the most powerful microscopes.
While the technique presently works on just one virus, scientists say it could be adapted to detect a range of viruses that plague humans, including Ebola, Zika and HIV.
Thomas W. Geisbert, Boston University School of Medicine – PLoS Pathogens, November 2008
The other co-lead author is Adam Hilterbrand, a microbiology graduate student.
The new method is highly selective, meaning it is only sensitive to one type of virus, filtering out possible false negatives due to other viruses or contaminants.
There are two other commonly used methods for detecting viruses in biological samples, but they have drawbacks: one requires a much higher concentration of viruses and the other requires samples to be purified to remove contaminants. The new method, however, can be used with urine straight from a person or animal.
The other co-authors are Lauren Strawsine, a postdoctoral fellow in chemistry, Jason Upton, an assistant professor of molecular biosciences and Allen Bard, professor of chemistry and director of the Center for Electrochemistry.
The researchers demonstrated their new technique on a virus that belongs to the same family as the herpes virus, called murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). To detect individual viruses, the team places an electrode–a wire that conducts electricity, in this case, one that is thinner than a human cell–in a sample of mouse urine. They then add to the urine some special molecules made up of enzymes and antibodies that naturally stick to the virus of interest. When all three stick together and then bump into the electrode, there’s a spike in electric current that can be easily detected.
Photo Credit: Content Providers: CDC/ E. L. Palmer – This media comes from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention‘s Public Health Image Library
The researchers say their new method still needs refinement. For example, the electrodes become less sensitive over time because a host of other naturally occurring compounds stick to them, leaving less surface area for viruses to interact with them. To be practical, the process will also need to be engineered into a compact and rugged device that can operate in a range of real world environments.
Marc Airhart
Source:
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