Digestive Health: Herbal Anise in Ameliorated Risk and Treatment of Gastric/Stomach Ulcers, MEDLINE Model Studies Found

Kyle J. Norton

Anise may have a potential and substantial effect in protected your stomach against development of ulcers, some scientists suggested.

Gastric/stomach  ulcers are open sores that develop on the inside lining of your stomach.

People with abnormal ratio of gut microbiota and long term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are most susceptible to development of stomach ulcers.

In some cases, ulcers can also be caused by infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).
 

Long term untreated gastric ulcer can induce serious complications including bleeding, perforation, and obstruction of emptying of the passage of food.

According to experts, slow, long-term bleeding can lead to anemia and rapid and severe bleeding may result in blood vomiting. 

Although is rare, gastric ulcer can also give rise to complications of the lining of the stomach splitting open, leading to infectious causes of peritonitis and sepsis.

Anise is a flowering plant ofthe species of Pimpinella anisum, genus Pimpinella, belongings to the family Apiaceae native to to Egypt and the Mediterranean region, used in traditional herbal medicine as fragrance in soaps, oils, and mouth fresheners and stomachic, anti-septic, anti-spasmodic, ….

Chemical comstituents
Anethole, D-pinene, I-phellandrene, Alpha-terpineol, Safrol, Methyl chavicol, Resin, Shikimic acid, etc.

In the evaluate the claim of Unani and Arabian traditional medicine practitioners on Anise’s gastroprotective potential effect by using 80% ethanol, 0.2 mol/L NaOH, 25% NaCl and indomethacininduced gastric ulceration and secretion in rat model, researchers found that application of doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of Anise exert a significant protective activity against basal gastric acid secretion, acidity and completely inhibited the rumenal ulceration caused by necrotizing agents.

Furthermore, application of Anise also initiated production of depleted levels of gastric mucosal nonprotein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) and gastric wall mucus concentration.

Decreased expression of gastric mucosal nonprotein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) causes reduced levels of glutathione (GSH), an antioxidative substance with essential function in activated gastric mucosal defense mechanism.

Further analysis suggested that the anti gastric ulcers of Anise suspension was attributed to the herbal medicine antioxidants in enhanced production of hormone prostaglandins in inhibited levels of gastric secretion.

The hormone has been study intensively for protection and treatment of gastric ulcer by some scientists due to its effect in promoted rapid restitution of the superficial epithelium of the gastric mucosa and preservation of the deeper layers through the ability of the hormones in inhibited gastric secretion, stimulated bicarbonate secretion, and increased gastric blood volume.

Dr. Wilson DE, “Orally administered prostaglandin analogues have been helpful in some patients who failed to heal with standard ulcer treatment and in smokers, who usually do not heal as well as nonsmokers”.

Some researchers suggested that the prostaglandin analogues may be an ideal solution of patient who are at high risk for gastric lesions due to chronic consumers of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs or alcohol.

Moreover, in the investigation of the effect of essential oil isolated from Croton zehntneri (EOCZ), a plant native to northeastern Brazil and anethole, a major bioactive component in Anise at doses of 30–300 mg/kg, researchers found that the composition demonstrates a strongly and linearly gastroprotective effect against ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric damage without changing to cold-restraint stress-induced ulcers in rats.

 EOCZ and anethole (both at 30 and 300 mg/kg) significantly increased the mucus production by the gastric mucosa, indicated by measurement of Alcian blue binding assay,

Additionally, the composition also exhibited a significant effect on the volume of gastric juice, pH, or total acidity through its ability in enhanced production of gastric wall mucus.

The above of differentiation were supported by the study in testing the major bioactive compound anethole effect in the ethanol-induced ulcer model in mice conducted by the joint investagation lead by Coordenação do Curso de Farmácia,

According to the results, after taking into account of other con founders, application of anethole (300 mg/kg) increased the level of gastric mucus, while derivatives (300 mg/kg) showed a strong gastroprotective activity without affecting mucus secretion, through anethole antioxidant and anti inflammation activities.

By examining the antioxidant aspects in the experiment mice, researchers surprisingly found that anethole exhibits protective gastric effect through reduced oxidative stress in initiation of change from gastric mucosal nitric oxide (NO) to maintain gastric mucosal integrity.

The phytochemical anethole also ameliorated oxidative stress by stimulating production of the natural antioxidants in the host body, including glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxide (MDA, measured as malondialdehyde) glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase.

Importantly, anethole also modulated the levels of proinflammatory substances, such as plasma tumor necrosis factor-α with function involved in systemic inflammation in the acute phase reaction and interleukin-1β and IL-6 in regulated immune response in protection of the host against bacterial and viral in induction of infection.

Taken together, herbal Anise and its major chemical constituent anethole may be considered as functional food for protection of stomach against onset of ulcer

However, further data collection on larger example size of multi-clinical trials performed with human consumption during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of its anti stomach ulcer possibilities.

Finally, intake of Anise supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it’s news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada – Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Aqueous suspension of anise “Pimpinella anisum” protects rats against chemically induced gastric ulcers by Ibrahim A Al Mofleh, Abdulqader A Alhaider, Jaber S Mossa, Mohammed O Al-Soohaibani, and Syed Rafatullah(PubMed Central Canada)
(2) Prostaglandins in peptic ulcer disease. Their postulated role in the pathogenesis and treatment by Wilson DE(PubMed)
(3) Anti-Ulcer Activity of Essential Oil Constituents Francisco de Assis Oliveira 1 , Luciana Nalone Andrade 2 , Élida Batista Vieira de Sousa 3 and Damião Pergentino de Sousa(Open Access)
(3) Essential oil of Croton zehntneri and its major constituent anethole display gastroprotective effect by increasing the surface mucous layer by Andrelina N. Coelho-de-Souza, Saad Lahlou, João E.F. Barreto, Maria E.M. Yum, Ariclécio C. Oliveira, Hermógenes D. Oliveira, Nathalia R. Celedônio, Roney G.F. Feitosa, Gloria P. Duarte, Cláudia F. Santos, Aline A.C. de Albuquerque, José H. Leal-Card(Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology)