An important genetic study was published in SCIENCE magazine in 2001 on the reality of the Out Of Africa Theory
Science 11 May 2001:
Vol. 292 no. 5519 pp. 1151-1153
DOI: 10.1126/science.1060011
African Origin of Modern Humans in East Asia: A Tale of 12,000 Y Chromosomes
Authors:
- Yuehai Ke1,*,
- Bing Su2,1,3,*,
- Xiufeng Song1,
- Daru Lu1,
- Lifeng Chen1,
- Hongyu Li1,
- Chunjian Qi1,
- Sangkot Marzuki4,
- Ranjan Deka5,
- Peter Underhill6,
- Chunjie Xiao7,
- Mark Shriver8,
- Jeff Lell9,
- Douglas Wallace9,
- R Spencer Wells10,
- Mark Seielstad11,
- Peter Oefner6,
- Dingliang Zhu12,
- Jianzhong Jin1,
- Wei Huang12,13,
- Ranajit Chakraborty3,
- Zhu Chen12,13,
- Li Jin1,3,13,†
1 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, China 200443, and Morgan-Tan International Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai, China.
2 Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
3 Human Genetics Center, University of Texas–Houston, 1200 Herman Pressler E547, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
4 Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia.
5 Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
6 Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
7 Department of Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
8 Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
9 Center for Molecular Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
10 Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK.
11 Program for Population Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
12 Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, China.
13 National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, China.
To test the hypotheses of modern human origin in East Asia, we sampled 12,127 male individuals from 163 populations and typed for three Y chromosome biallelic markers (YAP, M89, and M130). All the individuals carried a mutation at one of the three sites. These three mutations (YAP+, M89T, and M130T) coalesce to another mutation (M168T), which originated in Africa about 35,000 to 89,000 years ago. Therefore, the data do not support even a minimal in situ hominid contribution in the origin of anatomically modern humans in East Asia.
-
↵* These authors contributed equally to this work.
-
- Received for publication 20 February 2001.
- Accepted for publication 20 March 2001.
The majority of theorists (including myself) would be most happy with the results that the Out of Africa migration came out of African populations between 89000 and 35000 years ago: a majority opinion would also be that there was more than one repeated, but only very occasional, important movements out of Africa given this same time span. One earlier one, one late one and one in the middle of the timespan would be sufficient, and important key elements out of the first two attempts are recorded in the fossil record as signal failures.-DD.
Source:
http://frontiers-of-anthropology.blogspot.com/2013/08/african-origin-of-modern-humans-in-east.html
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