New Insights into the Origins of the Archaean Ancestors of All Complex Life
The Archaea are one of the Earth’s most genetically and ecologically diverse groups of micro-organisms.
They thrive in a bewildering variety of habitats, from the familiar – soils and oceans – to the inhospitable and bizarre, such as the boiling acid pools of Yellowstone National Park.
Artist’s impression of an Archean landscape. The earliest metabolisms of the Archaea were based on the anaerobic reduction of carbon dioxide, and likely evolved during the earliest period of Earth’s evolutionary history.
The research provides a new evolutionary tree for the Archaea that will help to make sense of their biodiversity, and provides a new window into the early history of life on Earth that is not preserved in the fossil record.
The work is published in PNAS.
With the development of new technologies for sequencing genomes directly from the environment, many new groups of Archaea have been discovered.
Dr Tom Williams from the School of Earth Sciences, said: “But while these genomes have greatly improved our understanding of the diversity of Archaea, they have so far failed to bring clarity to the evolutionary history of the group.
“This is because, like other micro-organisms, Archaea frequently obtain DNA from distantly related organisms by lateral gene transfer, which can greatly complicate the reconstruction of evolutionary history.”
However, in their new work, Dr Williams and colleagues use a new statistical approach that combines information from thousands of genes found in many different archaeal genomes to show that events of lateral gene transfer can actually be used to orient the tree in time, resolving the deepest relationships in the evolutionary tree.
By determining which genes appeared first during the evolution of the Archaea, the new tree makes clear predictions about the basic biochemistry of the earliest Archaea, cells which may have lived over 3.5 billion years ago: these cells likely made energy using the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, a biochemical pathway that today is found not only in Archaea but also in Bacteria, another major group of micro-organisms.
Contacts and sources:
University of Bristol
Paper:’Integrative modelling of gene and genome evolution roots the archaeal tree of life‘ by T. Williams, G. Szollosi, A. Spang, T. Ettema, P. Foster, S. Heaps, T. Martin-Embley and B. Boussau in PNAS.
Source: http://www.ineffableisland.com/2017/05/new-insights-into-origins-of-archaean.html
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Whistler Blowers, Insiders
WHORES MANURE
A Divine Hand was at work in the CREATION of Earth and its INTEGRITY life forms.
EVO-lution…
If there is such a thing WHY HAS the LAMPHREY eel-type FISH not EVOLVED in 350 million years ?
Scientists find lamprey a “living fossil”: 360 million-year-old fish hasn’t evolved much
http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/06/061025.lampreyfossil.shtml
Also Scientist, Sir Fred Hoyle seems to have a problem with among other things abiogenesis: life arising from non-living matter.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Hoyle
From the article:
Rejection of Earth-based abiogenesis
In his later years, Hoyle became a staunch critic of theories of abiogenesis to explain the origin of life on Earth. With Chandra Wickramasinghe, Hoyle promoted the hypothesis that the first life on Earth began in space, spreading through the universe via panspermia, and that evolution on Earth is influenced by a steady influx of viruses arriving via comets. His belief that comets had a significant percentage of organic compounds was well ahead of his time, as the dominant views in the 1970s and 1980s were that comets largely consisted of water-ice, and the presence of organic compounds was then highly controversial. Wickramasinghe wrote in 2003: “In the highly polarized polemic between Darwinism and creationism, our position is unique. Although we do not align ourselves with either side, both sides treat us as opponents. Thus we are outsiders with an unusual perspective—and our suggestion for a way out of the crisis has not yet been considered.”[27]
Hoyle and Wickramasinghe advanced several instances where they say outbreaks of illnesses on Earth are of extraterrestrial origins, including the 1918 flu pandemic, and certain outbreaks of polio and mad cow disease. For the 1918 flu pandemic they hypothesized that cometary dust brought the virus to Earth simultaneously at multiple locations—a view almost universally dismissed by experts on this pandemic. In 1982 Hoyle presented Evolution from Space for the Royal Institution’s Omni Lecture. After considering what he thought of as a very remote possibility of Earth-based abiogenesis he concluded:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Hoyle
If one proceeds directly and straightforwardly in this matter, without being deflected by a fear of incurring the wrath of scientific opinion, one arrives at the conclusion that biomaterials with their amazing measure of order must be the outcome of intelligent design. No other possibility I have been able to think of…
—?Fred Hoyle[28]
Published in his 1982/1984 books Evolution from Space (co-authored with Chandra Wickramasinghe), Hoyle calculated that the chance of obtaining the required set of enzymes for even the simplest living cell without panspermia was one in 1040,000. Since the number of atoms in the known universe is infinitesimally tiny by comparison (1080), he argued that Earth as life’s place of origin could be ruled out. He claimed:
The notion that not only the biopolymer but the operating program of a living cell could be arrived at by chance in a primordial organic soup here on the Earth is evidently nonsense of a high order.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Hoyle