Unlike Humans, Bonobos Don't 'Look For The Helpers'

In the new study, they wanted to find out whether the motivation to prefer helpers might be unique to humans. Because of the friendly reputation of the highly endangered bonobos, it made sense to start by looking at them. The researchers conducted their studies at Lola ya Bonobo, a sanctuary for orphaned bonobos in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The researchers showed bonobos two-dimensional animated shapes that helped or hindered each other much as the earlier study did with infants. They then evaluated the bonobos’ preference for one character or the other by watching which paper cutout character (placed atop a slice of apple) they reached for first.

In additional experiments, bonobos were given a choice to interact with unfamiliar humans they’d observed either helping or hindering. In every case, bonobos showed an ability to differentiate helpers and hinderers. Surprisingly, however, they showed a preference for hinderers every time. A final experiment suggested that the bonobos’ preference for hinderers might be driven by attraction to more dominant individuals.

The findings in bonobos raise the possibility that one of the key motivational foundations of humans’ uniquely cooperative nature–which is present early in infancy–may be unique to humans among the apes, the researchers say.

“Bonobos exhibit a high level of social intelligence, tracking others’ social interactions and evaluating novel social partners based on these observations,” Krupenye says. “However, what motivates social preferences may be fundamentally different in bonobos and humans.”

Krupenye says that they continue to explore social preferences and social evaluation in bonobos, trying to understand what types of social information they track and what motivates their preferences. They also plan to conduct similar studies in chimpanzees.

This research was supported by the National Science Foundation.

Citation: Current Biology, Krupenye, C. and Hare, B.: “Bonobos Prefer Individuals that Hinder Others over Those that Help” http://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(17)31586-5