Polar Vortex and the Winter Warming Hole in Southeast USA
During the winter and spring, the U.S. warming hole sits over the Southeast, as the polar vortex allows arctic air to plunge into the region. This has resulted in persistently cooler temperatures throughout the Southeast. After spring, the U.S. warming hole moves north and is located in the Midwest.
The study found that winter temperatures in the U.S. warming hole are associated with a wavier jet stream, which is linked to natural climate cycles over the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and potentially to climate change. Previous research has illustrated that warming temperatures and melting Arctic sea ice set up conditions for a wavier jet stream. The study revealed that the jet stream over the U.S. became wavier in the late 1950′s, coincident with the start of the warming hole. As such, since the late 1950′s, the polar vortex has been cooling the southeastern U.S. during the winter.Winter warming hole location in the southeastern US.
Credit: Trevor Partridge
While the wintertime U.S. warming hole was found to be associated with the wavier jet stream, this was not the case for summertime temperatures. This conclusion supports previous studies that find connections between the summer warming hole in the Midwest and intensified farming, increased irrigation and air pollution, which primarily impact climate in summer and autumn.
The study provides new insight on when the U.S. warming hole occurred and where it is located spatially. Using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration data from 1,407 temperature stations and 1,722 precipitation stations from throughout the contiguous U.S. from 1901 to 2015, the researchers examined temperature and precipitation data over time for all stations, and identified stations that were persistently cooler than average from 1960 to 2015.
Contacts and sources:
Amy D. Olson
Dartmouth College
Source: http://www.ineffableisland.com/2018/02/polar-vortex-and-winter-warming-hole-in.html
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