Fairy Circle Mystery Gets New Explanation
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The cause of fairy circles has eluded scientists for years.
Fairy circles are round gaps in arid grassland that are distributed very uniformly over the landscape and only occur along the Namib Desert in southern Africa and in parts of Australia. Various theories circulate about the actual cause of these unusual spatial patterns, ranging from poisonous Euphorbia plants or rising gases, to ants, termites or plant competition for sparse water resources.
The fairy circles seen from the air. They form an additional source of water in this arid region, because the rainwater flows towards the grasses on the edge.
Credit: Stephan Getzin
Supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG), the scientists now dug a total of 154 holes in 48 fairy circles east of Newman over a length of twelve kilometers in order to assess the possible influence of termites objectively and systematically. With the help of drones, they mapped areas of 500 by 500 meters to compare typical vegetation gaps – such as those caused by harvester termites in large parts of Australia – with typical fairy circle gaps. In addition, they investigated the soil conditions in the area of the fairy circles and in adjacent reference areas, where no grass grows over large areas.
Oval-shaped mega fairy circles form a chain-like structure along a drainage line in Namibia.
Credit: Google Earth (above), Stephan Getzin (below)
“Overall, our study shows that termite constructions can occur in the area of the fairy circles, but the partial local correlation between termites and fairy circles has no causal relationship”, explains Getzin. “So no destructive mechanisms, such as those from termites, are necessary for the formation of the distinct fairy circle patterns; hydrological plant-soil interactions alone are sufficient.”
Excavations in a fairy circle. Three of the co-authors of the study are Dr Todd E. Erickson, Dr Hezi Yizhaq and Dr Miriam Muñoz-Rojas (from left to right).
Credit: Stephan Getzin
“Here our soil moisture studies showed that under such varied conditions the fairy circles function less as water reservoirs than under typical homogeneous conditions where they are extremely well ordered”, says Getzin. With this work, the scientists intend to open up a new thematic field, as they hope to gain further insights into the formation and persistence of the fairy circles from studying “extraordinary” fairy circles.
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Contacts and sources:
Dr Stephan Getzin
University of Göttingen
Citation: Stephan Getzin, Hezi Yizhaq, Miriam Muñoz-Rojas, Kerstin Wiegand & Todd E. Erickson. A multi-scale study of Australian fairy circles using soil excavations and drone-based image analysis. Ecosphere 2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2620.
Stephan Getzin & Hezi Yizhaq. Unusual Namibian fairy circle patterns in heterogeneous and atypical environments. Journal of Arid Environments 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2019.01.017.
Source: http://www.ineffableisland.com/2019/02/fairy-circle-mystery-gets-new.html
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