Timber Rattlesnake

It is a good thing that the timber rattlesnake has a relatively mild temperament because its venom is some of the most potent there is. This snake is also capable of pumping a large amount of venom into its victim through very long fangs. Fortunately, the timber rattlesnake will give plenty of warning before striking and is very patient, so most people can get away before any serious injury occurs.

Tiger Rattlesnake

The tiger rattlesnake is named for its striped appearance and lives only within a small region close to the border between Arizona and New Mexico. It has the smallest head of any of the rattlesnakes and its venom is considered to be the most potent of all pit vipers. However, this snake does not pump out much venom in a single bite, making it less dangerous than some other snakes on our list.

Eastern Coral Snake

This snake has the potential to be very deadly, but actually poses only a small risk. The eastern coral snake is a recluse, which means it is rarely seen. In addition, when it does bite, it generally only injects a small amount of venom into its victim. But don’t be complacent around these snakes because with a big enough dose of venom, the victim can die within two hours of being bitten.

Cottonmouth

This snake is also known as a water moccasin and is the only snake that spends part of its time in the water. The cottonmouth can swim well and is found in bodies of water across the southeastern US. This is not a snake you want to mess with. They generally hide in the water and attack without warning and their venom is strong enough to eat away at the skin and flesh of its victim. It is common for bite victims to require amputation after being bit by a cottonmouth.

Prairie Rattlesnake

The prairie rattlesnake is one of the less harmful rattlesnakes, but that doesn’t mean it can’t be deadly. This rattlesnake can be found anywhere from southwestern Canada, through the entire western US, and into northern Mexico. One of the drawbacks of this rattlesnake is that its venom contains neurotoxins that pack a punch.

Mojave Rattlesnake

This rattlesnake has the most potent venom of all the rattlesnakes. The thing to know about being bitten by this snake is that at first the bite doesn’t seem too bad. But the venom has a delayed effect and over time blurred vision and respiratory failure will occur. Without treatment, the Mojave rattlesnake’s bite is nearly always fatal.

Black Diamond Rattlesnake

I’ll say right off the bat that diamondback rattlesnakes are the most dangerous of them all. There are seven subspecies of the black diamond rattlesnake that span from British Columbia throughout the western half of the US right to the Mexican border. These snakes have very potent venom that attacks the nerve endings. When bitten, an extra high dose of anti-venom is required to treat the victim.

Western Diamondback Rattlesnake

Unlike the tiger rattlesnake, which has potent venom, but doesn’t inject a lot into its victim, the western diamondback rattlesnake has weak venom, but pumps out a large volume of it when biting. The high volume of the venom pumped into a victim makes this rattlesnake one of the deadliest.

Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake

The eastern diamondback rattlesnake is the biggest of all the venomous snakes in North America and the most deadly of them all. In fact, this rattlesnake has the biggest fangs of any rattlesnake in the world. On top of this, this snake pumps out a lot of venom in a single bite and that venom is very potent. Those who are bitten can experience bleeding form the site of the bite and from the mouth and as many as 30% of the people who are bitten by this snake will die. That’s in our comfy, modern world. Imagine what it would be like getting bitten by this slithering beast post-collapse.

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Snake First Aid

If you are bitten by a snake, you need to take that bite very seriously. Unless you are absolutely certain of what snake bit you and you know without a doubt that it wasn’t a venomous snake, you must assume it was. You have to seek treatment as quickly as possible when bitten by a snake. If you are close to civilization, then you will have a better chance of getting to a hospital and getting the anti-venom treatment you need quickly, but if you are in the bush or far from a hospital or other treatment facility, then you need to know what to do.

What Not to Do

First, I am going to take you through what NOT to do when you are bitten by a venomous snake. I am putting this section first because it is very important that you do NOT do these things and in a situation in which you may not be thinking clearly, you should have these do-NOTs down pat. When bitten by a venomous snake, DO NOT:

• Make a tourniquet as this can cut off the blood supply to the limb, leading to gangrene and the possible amputation of the limb
• Give a painkiller, particularly Aspirin, as it can cause the blood to thin and the venom to spread through the body more quickly
• Apply ice or a cold compress to the wound as research shows this does not deactivate the venom and can cause frostbite to the area of the wound
• Flush the wound with water or clean the wound as trace amounts of venom left behind can help in the identification of the snake, making treatment easier and quicker
• Try to suck out the venom as this puts the victim at risk further injury to the site of the bite; the person sucking by mouth risks the poison entering their system and bacteria from that person’s mouth can contaminate the wound
• Cut the wound in an attempt to remove the venom as this causes increased damage and can cause infection of the wound
• Use an electric device, such as a stun gun on the wound as the use of electricity has been proven ineffective and potentially harmful through animal studies
• Put the area of the body that has been bitten higher than the heart as this will cause the venom to reach the heart more quickly
• Capture the snake as this is dangerous and increases the potential for additional bites (it’s enough to remember what the snake looked like so that you can tell those who will treat the snake bite)
• Give the victim alcohol or caffeine as this will speed up the spread of the venom throughout the body

What to Do

Now that we have the do-NOTs out of the way, let’s talk about what you need to do when you or someone else gets bitten by a venomous snake. First and foremost, stay calm and get away from the snake. Be absolutely sure you are out of the striking range of the snake so that it cannot inflict another bite.

The next thing you must do is call for medical help. If you are able to get to a phone or use your cell phone, then call 911 (or whatever your local emergency number is) and ensure that help is on its way. While you are waiting for help to arrive, do the following:

• Take off any tight clothing or jewelry in the area of the bite that can become too tight and cut off blood flow as the victim begins to swell
• Remove the victim’s shoes if the bite was on the foot or leg so they won’t become too tight and cut off blood flow as the limb swells
• Place the victim in a position that ensures the bite is either heart-level (preferable) or below it; if the bit is too high the venom can reach the heart more easily and if it is too low, there will be increased swelling
• Move as little as possible to keep heart rate low; the more you move around the faster the venom will circulate through the body (this is difficult if you are hiking alone and need to go for help)
• Dress the bite with a pressure bandage if the bite is on a limb (remember not to clean it or flush it with water) to help stop any bleeding and keep swelling down
• If the bite is on the trunk of the body, apply firm pressure to the wound to keep it from bleeding and keep swelling down
• If you do not have any dressings for the wound, then keep track of the swelling by tracing the area of swelling and inflammation with a pen or something that will leave a mark; track it through time as it spreads, making a note of the time each time you retrace the area; this information is very helpful for the medics when they arrive and begin treatment

Influencing Factors

Every venomous snake bite is unique because there are a number of factors that affect how serious a bit is. These factors include:

• The health of the person
• The psychological state of the person
• The person’s age and size
• Whether one or both fangs penetrated the skin
• The location of the bite and whether it is close to any major blood vessels
• How much venom was injected
• The health of the snake
• How long it has been since the snake previously expelled venom

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Extra Snake Bite Facts

There are a few additional facts that are good to know when it comes to venomous snake bites:

• Children are at greater risk if they are bitten by a venomous snake because of their smaller body size and lower weight
• A snake that is dead can still bite within an hour of its death, due to a reflex action
• Not all snakes found in or near the water are venomous (remember if you aren’t absolutely certain the snake is not venomous, then treat the bite as if it is)
• Not all venomous snakes are fully charged with venom, and even if they are, not all of them inject a fatal dose when they bite

Remember…

Venomous snakes can be deadly. If you or someone you are with is bitten by a venomous snake or if you are not certain if the snake is venomous, then follow the instructions given above to ensure the best possible chance of survival and the least possible damage. Ultimately, you have to be on the lookout. Respect the snakes you see, give them their space, and enjoy your time in the wild.

Disclaimer

The information in this article is provided “as is” and should not be mistaken  for or be a substitute for medical advice. Always consult your physician before trying any of the advice presented on this page. Always seek the help of a professional when delivering a baby.

Photo sources: Wikipedia

Source: disasterrecoverymanager.com

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