Where The Moon Really Came From
File photo by George Martell
The data show that the Earth and moon are isotopic twins, a contradiction to the moon-origin story from the original giant-impact model. If the original model were correct, then the moon should have had a different isotopic fingerprint from the Earth.
Scientists have long believed that the moon formed as a result of a collision between the early Earth and a smaller planet, but computer models of the giant impact have always predicted the wrong composition for the moon. Now, researchers at Harvard University and the SETI Institute are proposing a new spin on the giant-impact model to match the observed composition of the moon.
The previous giant-impact models held that a small planet, Theia, hit the Earth, sending a cloud of debris from Theia into orbit that formed the moon. But the chemistry of the moon matches that of the Earth. Now, Sarah T. Stewart, a professor in Harvard’s Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, and her SETI colleague Matija Ćuk propose a new model in which pieces of the Earth broke off and formed the moon.
The researchers present a dynamic model of their theory , based on the results of chemical analyses of isotopes from the Earth and moon, in a paper published online today in the journal Science. The results are also being presented this week at the 44th meeting of the American Astronomical Society (AAS) Division for Planetary Sciences in Reno, Nev.
Additionally, Stewart and Ćuk propose that prior to the collision and creation of the moon, the Earth was spinning much faster than it does now, and had a day that was only two to three hours long.
Many scientists believe that Earth itself emerged from a series of giant impacts. These impacts would have made the early Earth spin near its stability limit of about two hours per revolution. The last giant impact, they believe, formed a moon that is a twin of the Earth. Stewart and Ćuk posit that when the giant impact occurred between Theia and the fast-spinning Earth, the high speed of the Earth’s spin caused the ejection of material from Earth into orbit. They believe that the ejected material formed a moon with chemical composition similar to Earth. After the impact, the rapidly rotating Earth was slowed down by the gravitational interaction between the sun and the moon.
In the animation, Earth and the smaller planet that hit Earth, named Theia, are represented by many particles with a fixed mass, shown as small balls. The color of the ball indicates the material: iron cores and rocky mantles. Before the impact, Earth’s shape is an oblate spheroid because the day is only 2.3 hours long. http://tiny.cc/v9ocmw
Video by Sarah Stewart
As part of their dynamic model, Ćuk and Stewart found that a resonance between Earth’s orbit around the sun and the moon’s orbit around Earth can pass angular momentum to the sun. Furthermore, Ćuk and Stewart showed that if the Earth was fast-spinning before the impact, then a giant collision could eject enough Earth material into orbit to make the moon.
Today, tides between the Earth and moon both slow Earth’s rotation and push the moon’s orbit further away. But the total angular momentum of the system is conserved. The finding is significant because without a fast-spinning Earth preceding impact, “a giant impact could not make the moon originate from the Earth’s mantle with today’s angular momentum,” said Stewart.
The origin of the moon had been called into question by isotope analyses of material from Earth and the moon. The isotope signatures of celestial bodies differ greatly and often are used to “fingerprint” different planets and meteorite groups. The data show that the Earth and moon are isotopic twins, a contradiction to the moon-origin story from the original giant-impact model. If the original model were correct, then the moon should have had a different isotopic fingerprint from the Earth.
Harvard Professor Sarah T. Stewart (pictured) and Matija Ćuk propose a new model in which pieces of the Earth broke off and formed the moon
. File photo by Kris Snibbe/Harvard Staff Photographer
Nineteenth-century scientists speculated about a fast-spinning early Earth. George H. Darwin, son of biologist Charles Darwin, studied the relationship between tides and the moon. In 1879, he suggested that the moon formed by fission from the Earth, but he did not know how early Earth might have being spinning so quickly.
A similar dynamic model for a great impact, resulting in the formation of the moon from Earth material, is described in a second paper in the same issue of Science. This alternative dynamic model is presented by Robin Canup of the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI).
Stewart and Ćuk’s work was funded by NASA’s Origins of Solar Systems program and used the Odyssey cluster supported by the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences (FAS) Research Computing Group.
Harvard writer B. D. Colen and correspondent Jacqueline Sly contributed to this report.
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Whistler Blowers, Insiders
and not one mention of the moon “ringing like a bell” when struck
No,
It’s a derelict,mothballed spaceship in a parking orbit,right?
So,
you have to ring the bell if you’d like to come inside…
Wrong! The Moons real name is…Kinggo The moon from Tiamat which is now the asteroid belt A of this is written down in ancient Sumarian history!!
I have been thinking about this a long time. The fact that the moon always faces the exact same side to the Earth is the first conclusive proof that it must have been ejected from the Earth, otherwise there is really no way that orientation could ever happen.
Secondly, the largest mountain and deepest valley on Earth is the Atlantic Ocean, where the valley to the west I believe is at least 7 miles down, and the peak it just below the surface of the Sea level, which was lower about 10,000 to 14,000 years ago, when there may have been people living there (Lemuria/Atlantis…I have seen old maps of it, clearly formed by volcanism like Hawaii).
The rough seas there are caused by the currents going up and down on these geographic structures.
The Pacific is very calm because it is mostly flat at the sea bottom.
The Masses of the Continents are pulling outward and towards opposite sides of Earth because of centrifugal force from Earths spin.
The oldest rocks ever found are at the top of Australia, dated at 4.2 billion years old.
The Pacific Ridge (west of the Pacific) seems like a sign of how this all came to exist….
[Note: Evidence for 'Pangaea' does conflict with this though]…
It seems like the Atlantic is the largest meteor crater on Earth, which is likely the source of the Material of the Moon, and the ‘Continents’ are the ridge or rim of the crater.
The Pacific sea floor seems to have been altered by the seismic wave as it reached around and concentrated on the other side of Earth, which leveled off most of the floor, and where the two seismic waves collided, they created the Pacific Ridge…(slide your hands towards each other on the couch cushion or bed sheet, and see how it creates a ridge just like that).
Now, this is my theory, which suggests that the current tectonic plates, oceans, the moon, and the overall geography of Earth was re-formed during this great collision, and that it likely happened either 4.2 billion years ago, or perhaps less, like 3.4 billion years ago (the oldest sign of life).
This all suggests that the Continents will only drift until they reach opposite sides of Earth, where they will stabilize there and continental drift will stop.
The archaeological and fossil evidence for ‘Pangaea’ does seem to conflict with this, (i.e. Fossil ages and regions they are found, as they match from one continent to the other)…but it will be a long while before I can spend the time to finish this research.
All this is absolutely untrue! Since the U.F.O.’S have been around since billions of years ago then every so often our ancestors who wanted a longer day and night and figured a moon would give them this went to the Asteroid belt and flung the present moon composite towards earth! Yes eons ago our day and night times was shorter and the earth spun chaotically during the day and night time periods. This kept the atmosphere warm throughout the entire planet enabling a different atmosphere and abnormal growth!