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NASA: What Exploded Over Russia, The Latest Results

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Two weeks after an asteroid exploded over Russia’s Ural mountains, scientists are making progress understanding the origin and make-up of the unexpected space rock. This week’s ScienceCast presents their latest results.

When the sun rose over Russia’s Ural Mountains on Friday, Feb. 15th, many residents of nearby Chelyabinsk already knew that a space rock was coming. Later that day, an asteroid named 2012 DA14 would pass by Earth only 17,200 miles above Indonesia. There was no danger of a collision, NASA assured the public.

Maybe that’s why, when the morning sky lit up with a second sun and a shock wave shattered windows in hundreds of buildings around Chelyabinsk, only a few people picking themselves off the ground figured it out right away. This was not a crashing plane or a rocket attack.

 

“It was a meteor strike–the most powerful since the Tunguska event of 1908,” says Bill Cooke of NASA’s Meteoroid Environment Office.

In a coincidence that still has NASA experts shaking their heads, a small asteroid completely unrelated to 2012 DA14 struck Earth only hours before the publicized event. The impactor flew out of the blue, literally from the direction of the sun where no telescope could see it, and took everyone by surprise.

“These are rare events and it is incredible to see them happening on the same day,” says Paul Chodas of NASA’s near-Earth Object Program at JPL.

Researchers have since pieced together what happened. The most telling information came from a network of infrasound sensors operated by the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO). Their purpose is to monitor nuclear explosions.

Infrasound is a type of very low-frequency sound wave that only elephants and a few other animals can hear. It turns out that meteors entering Earth’s atmosphere cause ripples of infrasound to spread through the air of our planet. By analyzing infrasound records, it is possible to learn how long a meteor was in the air, which direction it traveled, and how much energy it unleashed.

The Russian meteor’s infrasound signal was was the strongest ever detected by the CTBTO network. The furthest station to record the sub-audible sound was 15,000km away in Antarctica.

Listen to the infrasound recording, sped up 135x into the range of human hearing. Play it

Western Ontario Professor of Physics Peter Brown analyzed the data: “The asteroid was about 17 meters in diameter and weighed approximately 10,000 metric tons,” he reports. “It struck Earth’s atmosphere at 40,000 mph and broke apart about 12 to 15 miles above Earth’s surface. The energy of the resulting explosion exceeded 470 kilotons of TNT.” For comparison, the first atomic bombs produced only 15 to 20 kilotons.

Based on the trajectory of the fireball, analysts have also plotted its orbit. “It came from the asteroid belt, about 2.5 times farther from the sun than Earth,” says Cooke.

Comparing the orbit of the Russian meteor to that of 2012 DA14, Cooke has shown that there is no connection between the two. “These are independent objects,” he says. “The fact that they reached Earth on the same day, one just a little closer than the other, appears to be a complete coincidence.” 

 
2012 DA14 orbit diagram
Credit: NASA

Infrasound records confirm that the meteor entered the atmosphere at a shallow angle of about 20 degrees and lasted more than 30 seconds before it exploded. The loud report, which was heard and felt for hundreds of miles, marked the beginning of a scientific scavenger hunt. Thousands of fragments of the meteor are now scattered across the Ural countryside, and a small fraction have already been found.

Preliminary reports, mainly communicated through the media, suggest that the asteroid was made mostly of stone with a bit of iron–”in other words, a typical asteroid from beyond the orbit of Mars,” says Cooke. “There are millions more just like it.”

And that is something to think about as the cleanup in Chelyabinsk continues.

Contacts and sources:
Author: Dr. Tony Phillips |

Production editor: Dr. Tony Phillips | 
Credit: Science@NASA



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    Total 8 comments
    • bellestarr

      Something hit that meteor, I saw it in the video, it appeared to come from the side of it and after it hit it it kept going it was either bullet shaped, or UFO shaped ! :idea:

    • Anonymous

      The post below was entered by the owner of the YouTube atlanticobr channel.

      atlanticobr posted 1 week ago
      Hi friends, Pleiadeans exploded a great iron meteor over Russia to avoid large area to be destroyed… they will explode some other debris today and tomorrow.
      Cheers for all!
      CB

      • Jacksdad

        Sorry dude but I don’t have a youtube channel, nor do I know WTF you’re talking about. Which is probably normal for people that have to deal with you.

    • Jacksdad

      It was no surprise IMO because it’s probably rare when a single bodied object is flying around in space alone and the Russian meteor backs that simple common sense theory. The larger chunk was big enough to resist earths gravity and the smaller chunks got sucked in by earths gravity. They could almost pin point the exact weigh, size and distance of an object would have to be before it would be taken over by our gravitation pull.
      Not buying the “10,000 metric tons” bit though, if they never saw it it would be almost impossible to tell it’s exact weigh or size. A solid iron meteor is a fraction of the size of a rock meteor. Just way too many variable to blindly determine it’s size. But I’m sure NASA doesn’t want to say that, because that’s admitting they don’t know anything other than the fact it hit earth.

    • peterxdunn

      This meteor wasn’t travelling at anything like 40,000 mph. If you watch the videos on YT the object takes longer than 30 seconds to travel from one side (the left) of the car windscreen it was filmed through to the other. 40,000 mph = approx 12 miles a second, so in 30 seconds it would have travelled 360 miles. And if it exploded with more explosive force than the Hiroshima bomb why didn’t it do more damage than the Hiroshima bomb? Further this object was hit by something. Even the debunkers couldn’t clean up the flying debris (with photoshop) that resulted from the impact properly: it still appears in their ‘original footage’.

      These objects aren’t meteors. Check this out: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IElpvqKMB3Y

      • Joerg Klaemt

        peterxdunn

        There are two reasons for me to disagree with you that it was anything else than a meteor.
        For one why would a UFO follow another UFO and destroy it coming out in the same shape it has entered? Looking at the Pieces that are thrown ahead of the Nuclei upon supposed Impact,they do look jagged as a rock that was blasted.
        My second point is, that they are finding debris from the Meteor as I understand.
        This would conclude it to be a Meteor and nothing Else.It is not a Rosswell crash!

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