The Final Act of a Dying Red Giant Star

“What we are seeing in splendid detail with these observations is the final act of a dying red giant star, as it sheds most of its gaseous bulk in a strong, outflowing wind,” said study co-author Mark Morris, UCLA professor of physics and astronomy.

This is a molecular gas around star LL Pegasi.

Credit: ALMA, Hyosun Kim

After comparing their telescopic observations with computer simulations, the astronomers concluded that a highly elliptical orbit is responsible for the shape of the gaseous emissions surrounding this system.

The research appears in the journal Nature Astronomy and is the cover story of the March issue.

“Because of the orbital motion of the mass-losing red giant, the cold molecular gas constituting the wind from that star is being spun out like the sprays of water from a rotating garden sprinkler, forming the outflowing pattern of spiral shells,” Morris said.

3-D visualization of the molecular gas material surrounding LL Pegasi. Image of LL Pegasi, first as it appears to the Hubble Space Telescope, and then as it appears in the emission from molecules, as observed with ALMA. The numerical model appears beside the nebula, and both the model and the image are rotated to display the excellent three-dimensional agreement.

Credit: UCLA, Hyosun Kim et al./I-Ta Hsieh (ASIAA) and Mark Morris (UCLA)

ALMA, a powerful international facility operated cooperatively by many countries around the world including the United States, measures extremely short wavelength radio emission. Using this unique instrument, the scientists were able to create a three-dimensional image of the emission from molecules ejected from LL Pegasi and which then form a spiral pattern caused by the presence of the orbiting companion star.

The images, which show many complete revolutions of the spiral pattern, offer clues about the dynamics of the binary system over a period of 5,000 years.

Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/Hyosun Kim et al. in Nature Astronomy

 

“This unusually ordered system opens the door to understanding how the orbits of such systems evolve with time as one of the stars loses most of its mass,” Morris said.

 

 

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