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Past Life Discovered on Mars

Thursday, November 23, 2017 0:46
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Last updated on Dec. 4, 2017
Physical evidence for Martian bacteria-formed ooids was previously presented at
Now I present below the chemical evidence for Martian ooids:
1. Organics were found all over Mars:
2. Biotic carbonates were found in sand grains at Gobabeb, Namib Dune, Bagnold dune field: http://kiss.caltech.edu/workshops/polar/presentations/Ehlmann2.pdf (p. 21). Explanations: Mars rover Curiosity uses its CheMin instrument to definitively identify abiotic minerals on Mars, but the instrument has not found any abiotic carbonate in Gale Crater, Mars (note 1). Nonetheless, CheMin recently found carbonates in the X-ray amorphous portion of the Gobabeb sample (note 2). So, the carbonates found at Gobabeb should be biotic in origin. The biotic carbonates are a sign of life. In Gale Crater, there are numerous ooids (note 3) and few meteorites. So, the biotic carbonates probably originated from ooids, which were formed by photosynthetic bacteria (such as cyanobacteria) on Mars. Hence, the ooids on Mars match the ooids on Earth both in morphology and in chemistry.
 

 

See also: New Scientist reported in 2006: Mineral analysis may reveal life on Mars:
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn8534-mineral-analysis-may-reveal-life-on-mars/
Quoted from the above-mentioned report:
The researchers took 12 terrestrial calcite samples – from sources representing all three types of the mineral – to see if they could detect differences among them. Using X-ray diffraction and electron scanning microscopy to study the samples’ mineralogical and chemical composition, they found the abiotic samples were pure. But the biotic samples contained impurities – they grew faster and sometimes substituted magnesium atoms for calcium in their crystalline structures.
These defects “structurally weaken the calcite”, the authors write in Geophysical Research Letters. This weakening was detected when the researchers steadily heated the samples and noted when they began to lose mass by decomposing into gaseous carbon dioxide.
The biotic samples started degrading at a temperature 40°C cooler than the abiotic ones. And two diagenetic samples that had been shaped by biological processes began to decompose at a temperature close to that of the biotic calcite.
“This result is encouraging for a possible preservation of mineral biotic calcite structures on Mars for billions of years,” the authors write. They suggest that future Mars landers be equipped with instruments to heat and weigh minerals to determine whether they had been formed by life.
Garbled signals
Christopher Romanek, a geochemist at the University of Georgia in Athens, US, says such instruments should not be difficult to put on a rover – but interpreting the results may be harder. He cautions that even if calcite is biological in origin, geological processes can cover up, or overprint, the biological signal.
“The older materials are, the more likely they’ve been overprinted by many, many processes,” he told New Scientist. “It can garble the signal so much it’s hard to tell much about it at all.”
Steve Squyres, principal investigator for NASA’s Mars Exploration Rovers now exploring the Red Planet, says mineral studies “could be a very useful clue” in understanding the history of life on Mars. “Detecting evidence of life on Mars is probably going to be very difficult, so investigating every reasonable possible avenue makes sense,” Squyres told New Scientist.
Still, he points out that there is little evidence for significant amounts of calcite on Mars. The authors acknowledge this, but say evidence for carbonates has been detected in Martian dust and meteorites. They plan to focus future studies on carbonates associated with primitive life on Earth, such as stromatolites – ancient dome-like structures which once housed bacteria, and other biologically formed minerals, such as silica.
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