Read the Beforeitsnews.com story here. Advertise at Before It's News here.
Profile image
By Alton Parrish (Reporter)
Contributor profile | More stories
Story Views
Now:
Last hour:
Last 24 hours:
Total:

Of Fish And Men: Some Are Creatures Of Habit, Some Proactive And Some Reactive

% of readers think this story is Fact. Add your two cents.


Behavioral experiments and brain research reveal surprising similarities between fish and humans. For example, some individuals are routine-bound creatures of habit, while others are better able to improvise, study shows.

You need look no further than the lecture hall or your own circle of friends to see that some people prefer to stick to familiar routines, while others thrive on new challenges and change.

Link to video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwW2vJ1we7c&feature=player_embedded
Video filmed by Maria de Lourdes Ruiz-Gomez.

The same is true for rainbow trout according to tests in which fish have had to find food hidden in a maze, witnessed by whirring video cameras and timed by eager researchers with stopwatches. The results may prove to be of great significance for commercial fish-breeders and for companies using fish as guinea pigs in the pharmaceutical industry.

“The results of our study were unequivocal – it seems that fish also demonstrate cognitive differences in how they react to stimuli,” says senior researcher at DTU Aqua Erik Höglund, one of Denmark’s leading experts on fish behaviour and fish neuroscience.

“Just like people, fish can more or less be divided into two personality types: proactive and reactive. Proactive fish are more aggressive and assertive, but also more fixed in their ways. Reactive fish are less aggressive and rather more timid, but at the same time are more open and flexible and seem to be able to adapt more easily, “says the senior researcher, who does research into both the behaviour of fish and how their brains work neurologically.

Better animal welfare
Researchers carried out a behavioural experiment using an aquarium with a maze where fish had to find food in different places while being timed. The experiment used rainbow trout as it is often bred on fish farms in Denmark. And the new knowledge about the different kinds of fish personalities may lead to both improved fish welfare and increased production in industry, believes the DTU Aqua researcher:

“If there are large individual differences in fish, then what is good for one individual is not necessarily good for all fish, and this can affect how you manage the conditions in, for example, ponds so that fish of one kind or the other thrive as optimally as possible,” explains Erik Höglund.

Fish sort themselves out
Therefore work is currently being done at DTU Aqua in Hirtshals to develop methods to allow the fish to sort themselves out according to their personality types.

“We have done studies that show that fish with different response patterns react differently when the oxygen content in the water around them falls. We are also working on how we can get fish to “tell” what density of oxygen they prefer, and at the moment we are developing a system so the fish can demonstrate this,” says the fish behaviour researcher.

Fish resemble humans
One of the things that makes it difficult to study exactly how fishes’ brains work is that you cannot transfer what we know about the human brain directly. This is because everything to do with the brain both has different proportions and is positioned differently in fish’s brains. For example, the ratio between thetelecephalon (cerebrum) and the rest of the brain is six per cent in rainbow trout against 50 per cent in humans.

However, the latest research shows that fish brains are, from a purely physiological point of view, far more like the human brain than was previously thought, for example when it comes to reacting to danger.

“Our research has demonstrated that the neurotransmitter CRFR1, which plays an important role in people’s reactions to stress and fear, is also found in fish. Inhibiting the transmitter in Crucian carp led to them reacting less to stress,” the senior researcher explains.

To the age-old question about whether fish can feel pain, therefore, he answers with a cautious yes.

“The results of our study were unequivocal – it seems that fish also demonstrate cognitive differences in how they react to stimuli,” says senior researcher at DTU Aqua Erik Höglund, one of Denmark’s leading experts on fish behaviour and fish neuroscience. 

Photo: Martin Damm.

“It is becoming widely recognized that even fish have consciousness. And purely physiologically, they possess the same receptors as humans. But the question is still of course how they experience it,” Erik Höglund explains.

Strong political interest
And it is because of this ethical aspect that Erik Höglund believes interest in fish behaviour and fish brains is rising so sharply – even in the political arena.

“Animal welfare in general is a hot topic and, coupled with the growth in fish farming worldwide, fish such as for example the zebra-fish are starting to be used more and more as experimental animals for drug development. Therefore we need scientifically based facts that we can evaluate and base our decision-making on. But it is a new field of research and there are still only very few people who know anything at all about fish behaviour and how fish brains work,” he says.

The fish behaviour researcher has therefore taken the initiative of bringing together the leading Nordic experts in fish behaviour and neuroscience in a cross-disciplinary network supported by the Nordic Council. The first seminar has just been held at DTU Aqua in Hirtshals and two more are planned.

How the scientists analyzed the fish’s personalities: Fish in mazes 

For the experiment conducted at DTU Aqua in Hirtshals, the research team used two strains of rainbow trout, one of which was bred to be proactive and one reactive. Each fish was placed individually in aquaria which contained an open area, a sheltered area and a T-shaped maze.

While the proactive and reactive fish were equally quick to learn where to find food in the initial stages, significant differences were revealed when Erik Höglund and his colleagues began moving food to other places in the aquarium:

While the reactive fish spent only 46 seconds on average to find and eat food when it was moved, it took the proactive fish an incredible 976 seconds.

In fact all the proactive fish swam right over the food without touching it in order to search in the place where they had got used to finding food in the first place, while all the reactive fish found the food at the new location before they examined the old ones. The reactive fish could also change their behaviour – even when the researchers lowered a rubber barrier into the aquarium. They attempted to avoid it by remaining in the sheltered area, while the proactive fish swam off unconcerned in search of food.

Researchers interpret the results as showing that reactive fish are more flexible, while proactive fish are more likely to adopt and follow specific routines.

Contacts and sources: 


Read more at Nano Patents and Innovations


Source:


Before It’s News® is a community of individuals who report on what’s going on around them, from all around the world.

Anyone can join.
Anyone can contribute.
Anyone can become informed about their world.

"United We Stand" Click Here To Create Your Personal Citizen Journalist Account Today, Be Sure To Invite Your Friends.

Before It’s News® is a community of individuals who report on what’s going on around them, from all around the world. Anyone can join. Anyone can contribute. Anyone can become informed about their world. "United We Stand" Click Here To Create Your Personal Citizen Journalist Account Today, Be Sure To Invite Your Friends.


LION'S MANE PRODUCT


Try Our Lion’s Mane WHOLE MIND Nootropic Blend 60 Capsules


Mushrooms are having a moment. One fabulous fungus in particular, lion’s mane, may help improve memory, depression and anxiety symptoms. They are also an excellent source of nutrients that show promise as a therapy for dementia, and other neurodegenerative diseases. If you’re living with anxiety or depression, you may be curious about all the therapy options out there — including the natural ones.Our Lion’s Mane WHOLE MIND Nootropic Blend has been formulated to utilize the potency of Lion’s mane but also include the benefits of four other Highly Beneficial Mushrooms. Synergistically, they work together to Build your health through improving cognitive function and immunity regardless of your age. Our Nootropic not only improves your Cognitive Function and Activates your Immune System, but it benefits growth of Essential Gut Flora, further enhancing your Vitality.



Our Formula includes: Lion’s Mane Mushrooms which Increase Brain Power through nerve growth, lessen anxiety, reduce depression, and improve concentration. Its an excellent adaptogen, promotes sleep and improves immunity. Shiitake Mushrooms which Fight cancer cells and infectious disease, boost the immune system, promotes brain function, and serves as a source of B vitamins. Maitake Mushrooms which regulate blood sugar levels of diabetics, reduce hypertension and boosts the immune system. Reishi Mushrooms which Fight inflammation, liver disease, fatigue, tumor growth and cancer. They Improve skin disorders and soothes digestive problems, stomach ulcers and leaky gut syndrome. Chaga Mushrooms which have anti-aging effects, boost immune function, improve stamina and athletic performance, even act as a natural aphrodisiac, fighting diabetes and improving liver function. Try Our Lion’s Mane WHOLE MIND Nootropic Blend 60 Capsules Today. Be 100% Satisfied or Receive a Full Money Back Guarantee. Order Yours Today by Following This Link.


Report abuse

    Comments

    Your Comments
    Question   Razz  Sad   Evil  Exclaim  Smile  Redface  Biggrin  Surprised  Eek   Confused   Cool  LOL   Mad   Twisted  Rolleyes   Wink  Idea  Arrow  Neutral  Cry   Mr. Green

    MOST RECENT
    Load more ...

    SignUp

    Login

    Newsletter

    Email this story
    Email this story

    If you really want to ban this commenter, please write down the reason:

    If you really want to disable all recommended stories, click on OK button. After that, you will be redirect to your options page.