45 Skulls and 200 Human Mandibles Found In Sacrifice To Aztec God Of Death At Templo Mayo
Also discovered was a sacrificial stone and five skulls with holes, which probably formed part of a Mexican city Tzompantli of a set of 45 human skulls and around 250 lower jaws were discovered by archaeologists from the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) in the vicinity of a building that was part of the ceremonial Sacred Precinct of Tenochtitlan, the discovery, estimated to have just over 500 years old, represents the largest reservoir of skulls found so far in the archaeological site of Templo Mayor, in the historic center of Mexico City.
“Skulls were used by the ancient Aztecs as elements of consecration or closing of architectural spaces and rituals associated with the worship of Mictlantecuhtli, god of death, so perhaps it is a gift that served to close any building Hispanic, “the archaeologist Raul Barrera Rodriguez, head of the Urban Archaeology Program (PAU) of INAH. Skulls tank, explained researcher, was found in the rear of the structure called cuauhxicalco -discovered in 2011 – below which also was a sacrificial stone, the second to be located on the site over the past 20 years, possibly corresponding to the construction stage of the Temple II (1375-1427).
“Some of the 45 skulls that were above the sacrificial stone, have been manipulated with the intention to prepare ‘skull-masks’ that were never finished, only preformed, which is inferred from the cut marks that were present, “he said .The INAH archaeologist added, masks, skull masks are characterized by being made with the front of the human skulls, and in certain cases were adorned with green stone applications to simulate the eyes, or are accompanied with spiral necklaces, rattles and obsidian knives. According to archaeologist Ximena Chavez, who has studied in detail the production of this type of prehispanic masks, among the Mexica it is thought that they are representations of Mictlantecuhtli, as determined by comparisons with pictorial elements of the Borgia Group Codices .
INAH archaeologist suggests that the masks were deposited in various offerings, used as ornaments or perhaps sacrificed individuals were suspended and displayed on temples, but were not used as masks as the holes in the eye sockets were clogged, preventing the vision of those who might wear them.
As part of the archaeological supervision of the infrastructure work, the specialists Estíbaliz Berenice Jimenez and Aguayo González Ortiz conducted a survey that allowed archaeologist to detect the set of skeletal remains, and focused on the excavation of that space, and then continued with registration (imaging, scale drawings and identification of remains with numbers) and lifting each element. The “skulls were found in good condition, as moisture conditions facilitated their preservation, although they were fragmented by the weight of the floors and filled with earth above them, a good portion of them are complete and with the possibility of restoring them, “said archaeologist Estíbaliz Aguayo. The researcher said in this find they did not discover pieces pottery, ornaments or animal bones, as in other similar cases that have found skulls, “we also observed that the remains were deposited without apparent order it was as if they had been thrown in.”
With respect to the five skulls with holes, archaeologist Raul Barrera is considered them an offering of consecration to the sacrificial stone, 45 cm high, 35 to 42 cm long and 9 cm-thick, after being suspended in a tzompantli, which represents a “scenario for communication between the world of men and of the gods”.
The finding of a circular structure associated with a sacred tree due to its proximity and temporal synchrony with cuauhxicalco (ceremonial building), archaeologists have proposed that this is one of the sacred trees that were in the ceremonial precinct of Tenochtitlan.
“This architectural element corresponds to the construction stage Temple IV (1440-1469), and was completely excavated and released, which could meet your exact measurements (2.2 meters in diameter and 55 cm high) and constituent materials: tezontle together with mud , making up the wall, and a coating of stucco, “said archaeologist Raul Barrera. The structure was discovered against the cuauhxicalco (ceremonial buildings) located in 2011, about two feet away, towards the shrine of Huitzilopochtli
National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH)
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Whistler Blowers, Insiders
It can’t say who killed them though. It’s perfect timing with the Christian Spanish genocide in the area.