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Earth Headed For Unavoidable Collision Say NASA Scientists

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Few people know that the solar system happens to be at the center of an interstellar bubble that is virtually devoid of gas. That gas was blown out by supernovae, and we can determine when they occurred. Our solar system is traveling through this bubble and it is headed for an unavoidable collision, say NASA scientists.

 
But hold on, let’s not get our panties twisted in a knot, the collision is not with the mythical Nibiru of Zechariah Sitchin or some unknown Planet X, but with a giant cloud of gas, much different from our Local Bubble. The consequences of this coming collision is unknown to our science at this time. 
 
The Local Bubble is a cavity in the interstellar medium (ISM) in the Orion Arm of the Milky Way which contains the Local Interstellar Cloud and G-cloud (as well as others). It is at least 300 light years across and has a neutral hydrogen density of about 0.05 atoms per cubic centimetre, or approximately one tenth of the average for the ISM in the Milky Way (0.5 atoms/cc), and one sixth of the “Local Fluff”, or Local Interstellar Cloud (0.3 atoms/cc). The hot diffuse gas in the Local Bubble emits X-rays.
 

Artist’s conception of the Local Bubble (containing the Sun and Beta Canis Majoris) and the Loop I Bubble (containing Antares).

 
The very sparse, hot gas of the Local Bubble is the result of supernovae that exploded within the past ten to twenty million years. It was once thought that the most likely candidate for the remains of this supernova was Geminga (“Gemini gamma-ray source”), a pulsar in the constellation Gemini. More recently, however, it has been suggested that multiple supernovae in subgroup B1 of the Pleiades moving group were more likely responsible
 
 
The Solar System has been traveling through the region currently occupied by the Local Bubble for the last five to ten million years. Its current location lies in the Local Interstellar Cloud, a minor region of denser material within the Bubble. The cloud formed where the Local Bubble and the Loop I Bubble met. The gas within the LIC has a density of approximately 0.1 atoms per cubic centimeter.
 

3D representation of the Local Bubble (White) with neighbouring Molecular Clouds (Magenta) and a section of the Loop I Bubble (Teal).

 
The Local Bubble is not spherical, but seems to be narrower in the galactic plane, becoming somewhat egg-shaped or elliptical, and may widen above and below the galactic plane, becoming shaped like an hourglass. It abuts other bubbles of less dense interstellar medium (ISM), including, in particular, the Loop I Bubble. The Loop I Bubble was created by supernovae and stellar winds in the Scorpius-Centaurus Association, some 500 light years from the Sun. The Loop I Bubble contains the star Antares (also known as Alpha Scorpii), as shown on the diagram above. Other bubbles which are adjacent to the Local Bubble are the Loop II Bubble and the Loop III Bubble.
 

Australopithecus squinted at the blue African sky. He had never seen a star in broad daylight before, but he could see one today. White. Piercing. Not as bright as the Sun, yet much more than a full moon. Was it dangerous? He stared for a long time, puzzled, but nothing happened, and after a while he strode across the savanna unconcerned.

 
Human ancestors, unconcerned by odd lights in the daytime sky. This image is based on a painting featured in The Economist

Millions of years later, we know better.

“That star was a supernova, one of many that exploded in our part of the galaxy during the past 10 million years,” says astronomer Mark Hurwitz of the University of California-Berkeley.

 

Supernovas near Earth are rare today, but during the Pliocene era of Australopithecus supernovas happened more often. Their source was an interstellar cloud called “Sco-Cen” that was slowly gliding by the solar system. Within it, dense knots coalesced to form short-lived massive stars, which exploded like popcorn.

Researchers estimate (with considerable uncertainty) that a supernova less than 25 light years away would extinguish much of the life on Earth. The blast needn’t incinerate our planet. All it would take is enough cosmic rays to damage the ozone layer and let through lethal doses of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Our ancestors survived the Pliocene blasts only because the supernovas weren’t quite so close.

We know because we can still see the cloud today. It’s 450 light years from Earth and receding in the direction of the constellations Scorpius and Centaurus (hence the cloud’s name, “Sco-Cen”). Astronomer Jesús Maíz-Apellániz of Johns Hopkins University recently backtracked Sco-Cen’s motion and measured its closest approach: 130 light years away about 5 million years ago.

Sco-Cen was still nearby only two million years ago when many plankton, mollusks, and other UV-sensitive marine creatures on Earth mysteriously died. Paleontologists mark it as the transition between the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs. Around the same time, according to German scientists who have examined deep-sea sediments from the Pliocene era, Earth was peppered with Fe60, an isotope produced by supernova explosions.

Coincidence?

No one knows. It’s a puzzle researchers are still piecing together.

Reconstructing the history of near-Earth supernovas is difficult because old supernovas are elusive. Their glowing shells fade to invisibility in not much more than a million years. Neutron stars, the collapsed cores of supernova progenitors, last longer, but they are flung across the galaxy by asymmetries in the explosion. Unusual isotopes of iron, like the ones that coincide with the marine extinction, are difficult to find buried under millions of years of sediments.

 

There is, however, one obvious relic: “All those explosions blew an enormous bubble in the interstellar medium,” says Hurwitz, “and we’re inside it.”

Astronomers call it “the Local Bubble.” It’s peanut-shaped, about 300 light years long, and filled with almost nothing. Gas inside the bubble is very thin (0.001 atoms per cubic centimeter) and very hot (a million degrees)–that’s 1000 times less dense and 100 to 100,000 times hotter than ordinary interstellar material.

The Local Bubble was discovered gradually in the 1970′s and 1980′s. Optical and radio astronomers looked carefully for interstellar gas in our part of the galaxy, but couldn’t find much in Earth’s neighborhood. Furthermore, there seemed to be a pileup of gas–like the shell of a bubble–about 150 light years away. Meanwhile, x-ray astronomers were getting their first look at the sky using orbiting satellites, which revealed a million-degree x-ray glow coming from all directions. “We eventually realized that the solar system was inside a hot, vacuous bubble,” says Hurwit

 

Exploring the internal geography of the bubble is important because what lies inside could affect our planet’s future.

During the past few million years, wispy filaments of interstellar gas have drifted into the Local Bubble. Our solar system is immersed in one of those filaments–the “local fluff,” a relatively cool (7000 K) cloud containing 0.1 atoms per cubic centimeter. By galactic standards, the local fluff is not very substantial. It has little effect on Earth because the solar wind and the Sun’s magnetic field are able to hold the wispy cloud at bay.

 
 Local fluff 
 

There are, however, denser clouds out there. The Sco-Cen complex, for instance, is sending a stream of interstellar “cloudlets” in our direction. “Some of those cloudlets might be hundreds of times denser than the local fluff,” says Priscilla Frisch, an astrophysicist at the University of Chicago who studies the local interstellar medium. “If we ran into one, it would compress the Sun’s magnetic field and allow more cosmic rays to penetrate the inner solar system, with unknown effects on climate and life.”

 

Illustration Credit & Copyright: Linda Huff (American Scientist), Priscilla Frisch (U. Chicago)

 
Our solar system may be headed for an encounter with a dense cloud of interstellar matter–gas and dust–that could have substantial implications for our solar system’s interplanetary environment, according to University of Chicago astrophysicist Priscilla Frisch. The good news is that it probably won’t happen for 50,000 years.
 

The brightest star in the Sco-Cen star-forming cloud is the red giant Antares, which illuminates the yellow nebula in the upper-left corner of this image. Antares might be the next star to explode in Sco-Cen, but at 500 light years it is believed to be a safe distance from Earth

 

Frisch has been investigating the interstellar gas in the local neighborhood of our solar system, which is called the Local Interstellar Medium (LISM). This interstellar gas is within 100 light years of the Sun. The Sun has a trajectory through space, and for most of the last five million years, said Frisch, it has been moving through a region of space between the spiral arms of the Milky Way galaxy that is almost devoid of matter. Only recently, within the last few thousand years, she estimates, the Sun has been traveling through a relatively low-density interstellar cloud.

 
IBEX has directly sampled multiple heavy elements from the Local Interstellar Cloud for the first time. 
Credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center

“This cloud, although low density on average, has a tremendous amount of structure to it,” Frisch said. “And it is not inconsistent with our data that the Sun may eventually encounter a portion of the cloud that is a million times denser than what we’re in now.”

Frisch believes the interstellar cloud through which we’re traveling is a relatively narrow band of dust and gas that lies in a superbubble shell expanding outward from an active star-formation region called the Scorpius-Centaurus Association. “When this superbubble expanded around these stars, it expanded much farther into the region of our galaxy between the spiral arms, where our sun lies, because the density is very low,” Frisch said. “It didn’t expand very far in the direction parallel to the spiral arms because it ran into very dense molecular clouds.”

The solar wind–the flux of charged particles streaming from the Sun’s corona–protects the Earth from direct interaction with the interstellar medium by enveloping the Earth and all the planets in the heliosphere, the region of influence of the solar wind. The heliosphere currently extends 100 times farther from the Sun than the distance between Earth and the Sun. “We think the heliosphere might have been much larger before we entered the interstellar cloud,” said Frisch, “but that’s something we can’t say for sure.”

Neutral atoms from the galactic wind sweep past the solar system’s magnetic boundary, the heliosheath, and travel some 30 years into our solar system toward the sun. NASA’s Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) can observe those atoms and provide information about the mysterious neighborhood outside our home. 

Credit: NASA/Goddard Conceptual Image Lab

But if the solar system encountered the much denser cloud, Frisch estimates that the heliosphere could be compressed to within one or two astronomical units of the Sun, not much greater than the Earth’s distance from the Sun. “There would be dramatic effects on the inner solar system,” said Frisch. “It would immediately change the whole interaction between the solar wind and the interstellar medium.” Researchers have predicted increases in the cosmic-ray flux, changes in the Earth’s magnetosphere, the chemistry of the atmosphere and perhaps even the terrestrial climate.

Frisch noted that astronomers searching for life on planets orbiting stars outside our solar system should consider the environments around those stars. “It doesn’t make sense to look for habitable planets unless you also look at the way these stars interact with their local environment,” said Frisch. “Ican’t imagine that a star passing in and out of dense interstellar cloud fragments–such as a star that’s traversing galactic spiral arms–would have a stable interplanetary environment. Without stability in the local stellar environment, I doubt there could be stable planetary climates hospitable to life.”

The solar journey through space is carrying us through a cluster of very low density interstellar clouds. Right now the Sun is inside of a cloud that is so tenuous that the interstellar gas detected by IBEX is as sparse as a handful of air stretched over a column that is hundreds of light years long. These clouds are identified by their motions. 

Credit: NASA/Adler/U. Chicago/Wesleyan

 
Frisch and her collaborator, Daniel Welty, both Senior Research Associates in Astronomy & Astrophysics at the University of Chicago, used the Coude-feed spectrometer on the 0.9-meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory to observe interstellar ionized calcium (Ca+) in nearby stars in the upwind direction as we see it from the solar system. They hope to use the Hubble Space Telescope to answer some remaining questions that will confirm whether a dense cloud fragment does indeed lie in the upwind direction.

Due to the protective shielding of dangerous Galactic Cosmic Rays provided by a heliosphere or astrosphere, these structures are important for the planets that orbit the respective stars. Only over the last 15 years, we have been able to detect the first astrospheres and planets around other stars (exoplanets). Here we show a zoom into the most immediate environment around the Sun, our cosmic neighborhood. The locations of known astrospheres and exoplanets are indicated, while we anticipate that many more are present and just awaiting discovery. The nearest star, alpha Centauri has an astrosphere, and we know of at least two cases where we have detected both an astrosphere and exoplanets. These systems are truly analogous to our system in which the heliosphere shields a diverse planetary system. Reformatted for TV.

Credit: NASA/GSFC/Adler/U. Chicago/Wesleyan

 
 

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    Total 23 comments
    • Louis

      God, who is in complete command of all creation at all times, uses the forces of nature to achieve his holy will. Biblical and Marian prophecies foretell that the Earth will be purified back to an Eden-like state, and that mankind will be granted a lengthy epoch of peace, holiness and bounty.

      The data contained in this scientific article prove that our solar system is now being bathed by increased amounts of ionized plasma from a highly charged interstellar cloud caused by the explosion of stars billions of years ago. This material, along with solar plasma from the Sun, is what God will use to manufacture the plasma lightning storms that will purify the Earth.

      NASA’s findings are in perfect harmony with what is written in the Bible, and with what has been foretold by the Blessed Virgin Mary during her apparitions at Fatima, LaSalette and Akita.

      On Earth, international banker devils are manipulating an economic crisis that will develop into a global tribulation of immense proportion. But God will intervene through the forces of nature and draw peace out of the coming chaos. NASA’s recent findings provide more testimony that what the Bible says is true.

      • Lliam

        The Bible say the earth will be burnt up
        Read 2 Peter 3:10
        But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night; in the which the heavens shall pass away with a great noise, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat, the earth also and the works that are therein shall be burned up.

        2 Peter 3:12
        Looking for and hastening to the coming of the day of God, wherein the heavens being on fire shall be dissolved… (melted).

        Rev 20:11
        And I saw a great white throne, and him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away…
        Rev.21:1
        And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth were passed away; and there was no more sea.

        This will be a spiritual place, there wont be fleshly corruptible bodies…

        • Louis

          In the Bible, the term “new” oftentimes denotes an improvement or alteration of something that already exists rather than a complete replacement of it. Keep in mind that God is perfect in all of his acts. He created the world in such a way that its harshness would test men. But the time is coming when mankind will be given a respite from this harshness in the form of a “new” earth — meaning an earth altered and changed, with a much more pleasant environment for man to dwell in. In Scripture, this is called the “holy age,” when God saves the best wine for last.

          The earth itself will never cease to exist. Nothing that God creates ever ceases to exist. The human body dies, but ultimately on the last day it will be raised up and will live forever, either in Heaven or hell.

          When God “burns” the earth, that means that he will modify it by fire, but he will not destroy it.

          Avoid falling into the trap of trying to interpret the Bible. I’ve been studying the Bible for over forty years. Early on, I realized how deep it really is, and that the grace of interpreting its true meaning is better left to God’s chosen sanctified theologians.

        • BewareTheStobor

          Or one might listen to a non tradition bound interpretation here: http://www.youtube.com/user/1oftheonez. With 40 years of study under your belt, you are perhaps uniquely qualified to appreciate what you find there.

        • Lliam

          You may have missed the…the heavens shall pass away with a great noise, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat, the earth also and the works that are therein shall be burned up.

          For the big bang people

          The “NEW” used in Rev. 21:1 is from the Greek (καινός) or (Kainhn) which does translate to new, which as recently made is superior to what it succeeds…

          But The finality is in Rev. 21:6 And he said to me, It is done. I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end… I will give to him that is thirsty of the fountain of the water of life freely.

          Here Christ speaks of the “END” no reworking involved, the “END” used here is also Greek (τέλος) or (telos) which basically means…termination, the limit at which a thing ceases to be… THE END

          Many Roman Catholic Theologians, consider themselves to be God’s chosen sanctified theologians as well, But with the pagan holidays, bowing and worship false idols (statues) and changing the Sabbath through Constantine from Saturday to the venerable day of the sun, (sol invictus) or Sunday…

          Its not what man considers himself to be its who GOD considers him to be…

          I too can boast and give my own accreditation’s, studies and even degrees, but isn’t better to be humble, than boastful?

          I do not believe that there are any “TRAPS” in the Bible, misconceptions, even misquotations, the author of this confusion is not JESUS or The ETERNAL…

          AMEN

      • Angelfire

        Never truer words….nicely put anonymous ~

      • HereAmI

        The BVM, as you call her, is the one that was worshipped by everyone from the Babylonians onwards. aka The Queen of Heaven. The 12 stars around her are reproduced in the flag of the EU, which has rather more than 12 members, but which refuses to update the flag. You are a part of that Satanic cult. NASA will never tell the truth, as they are a part of the delusion that afflicts everyone except the elect. They do not “find” things, they create them out of the Kabbalah. All is driven by the fallen angel.

      • George Hilbert

        “Nothing that God creates ever ceases to exist.” This is not true at all. Our Sun is eating up hydrogen and converting it to heat, light, and other forms of energy at this very moment. The particles that it spews forth, the Solar Wind, do not make up for the mass being lost by the Sun.

        This is true of all the stars in the Universe. If allowed to continue, all of the stars will cease to emit their light and will no longer be. All the mass lost will no longer exist.

        People who love the world have a hard time with the idea of parting with it. They rearrange their thoughts and beliefs to include ideas of “transformation,” but not extinction, “renewal,” but not extinction, “purification,” but not extinction, “pacification,” but not extinction, and so forth and so on.

        Their beliefs run contrary to the pronunciations of scientists, whom they claim to admire and often quote to support their arguments.

        The Second Law of Thermodynamics, which scientists have never seen violated, is enough to doom Earth alone, even if God were not to intervene, which He will, according to his Book.

    • Anonymous

      ….Read Arthur Conan Doyle, the Poison Belt. This fruit-loop idea of “interstellar gas collision” has been circulating occult culture for 100 years, in one form or another. Not impressed.

    • Anonymous

      :arrow: Area 51..disclose the crafts… :arrow: :idea: the 1000 crafts the US has!

    • SKuNKy

      Awesome Article, Thanks :D

    • Anonymous

      its all gas just like before its news

    • Lliam

      Gas and apes
      Perfect together

    • AllSeeingAnus

      So what you’re trying to say is we are all going to get gassed holocaust style?

    • watertiger

      Swamp gas trying to debunk UFOS, now we have space gas trying to debunk Wormwood/Herculobus/Nemesis/The Destroyer……..laughable

    • trouble8696

      There is BAD news & GOOD news in this Article…
      1 st the BAD news…Earth Headed For Unavoidable Collision ….O boy… :sad:

      GOOD NEWS…Our solar system may be headed for an encounter with a dense cloud of interstellar matter–gas and dust–that could have substantial implications for our solar system’s interplanetary environment, according to University of Chicago astrophysicist Priscilla Frisch… The good news is that it probably won’t happen for 50,000 YEARS… Thanks GOD for that… :smile:
      but me was more interested in this answer :arrow: The consequences of this coming collision is unknown to our science at this time… So the curiosity kicked in…So me decided 2 E-mail… Ma’am Priscilla Frisch… me usually talk 2 her via E-mail…frisch @oddjob.uchicago.edu..
      The answer came… CONSEQUENCES …Mankind will be HIGH for YEARS…& almost 100% population at that time will… HALLUCINATE …for ages…Ripper me went after reading the E-mail …Fair Dinkum M8…now me have 2 figure OUT…how I can Live for 50,000 YEARS…lol hahahahahhahahahhaa just kiddin folk’s Take it easy… :wink:

    • Joerg Klaemt

      trouble8696

      Quote: “but me was more interested in this answer………..So me decided 2 E-mail… Ma’am Priscilla Frisch… me usually talk 2 her via E-mail…frisch @oddjob.uchicago.edu..”

      With that kind of bastardization of the English Language you just lost my respect.

      • trouble8696

        O DID me lost it…okay me getting out of here :lol: …hahahahhahahhaah O me me

    • Apollo is the A/C

      You had me up until the point you called your ancestors Apes. I don’t listen to Apes.

    • Wonkadelica

      My neighbor is one of those Tea Party radical fanatics who hates PBS, then went on to tell me his favorite what his favorite tv programs were. They were all PBS and his favorite radio was the BBC. He believes everything is hopeless because he thinks all the animatied graphics of galaxies are in real time an earth will be annihilated soon! These people exist. :lol:

    • O. Ryan Faust

      50,000 years? Wake me up when we get there.

    • Anonymous

      Enjoy your life while you have it. You’re only around for an average of 76 years. Go out, take a walk in the sunshine, smell a flower, hug someone….before you know it …….it’s all gone.

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