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Secret-Of-Secrets: The Precise Scale Of This Universe

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Physicists on the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) have announced the first results from their collaboration, revealing the most precise measurements ever made of the large-scale structure of the universe between five to seven billion years ago. They achieved this by observing the primordial sound waves that propagated through the cosmic medium a mere 30,000 years after the Big Bang.

And so far, the data supports the theory that our universe as flat, comprised of roughly a quarter cold dark matter, and four percent ordinary matter, with the rest made up of a mysterious force dubbed “dark energy.”

ANALYSIS: The Universe is Precisely 13.75 Billion Years Old

A hundred years ago scientists believed the universe was steady and unchanging. Einstein invented the cosmological constant to expand the fabric of space-time after his own equations for general relativity wouldn’t allow for the cosmos to remain static as expected in a steady state universe.

Soon after, astronomer Edwin Hubble discovered the universe was actually expanding, consistent with Einstein’s original general relativity theory. Einstein then removed his cosmological constant describing his failure to predict an expanding universe in theory before it was proven by observation, as his biggest blunder.

In 1998, astronomers studying distant exploding stars called a Type 1A supernovae discovered that not only was the universe expanding, but that the rate of expansion was accelerating due to some type of unknown force or dark energy. This bore a striking resemblance to Einstein’s cosmological constant. Either that, or our theory of gravity is incomplete. Answering this question is one of the foremost challenges in 21st century cosmology.

SLIDE SHOW: The Supercomputer Supernova

This new measurement from BOSS is significant because that time frame — five to seven billion years ago — is the era when dark energy “turned on.” The BOSS findings will help physicists figure out the exact nature of whatever is causing our universe to accelerate in its expansion.

But in order to do that, they must first gain a more complete understanding of the history of that expansion.

The discovery that led to the theory of dark energy relied on studying the red shifts of bright light from supernovae. BOSS, in contrast, looks at something called baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO).

This phenomenon is the result of pressure waves (sound, or acoustic waves) propagating through the early universe in its earliest hot phase, when everything was just one big primordial soup.

Those sound waves created pockets where the density differed in regular intervals or periods, a “wiggle” pattern indicative of oscillation, or vibration. Then the universe cooled sufficiently for ordinary matter and light to go their separate ways, the former condensing into hydrogen atoms. We can still see signs of those variations in temperature in the cosmic microwave background (CMB), thereby giving scientists a basic scale for BAO.

SLIDE SHOW: Violent Beauty of Our Evolving Universe

BOSS is designed to measure those oscillations as a means of determining how far away the most distant galaxies really are, by looking at the angles of those peaks where galaxies are most densely clustered. Within the vast network of cosmic structure, those density peaks repeat with a good degree of regularity, making them an excellent “standard ruler” to measure the geometry of the universe.

Measuring the angle between pairs of galaxies will tell scientists how distant there are — the narrower the angle, the greater the distance. And once you know the distance, you can deduce an object’s age, thanks to the telltale redshift of light as it travels across the universe, stretching proportionally in such a way as to give physicists a peek at how the universe expanded since the light left its source.

Redshifts aren’t uniform, however. This is where BOSS is most helpful, since it can statistically analyze the redshifts of literally hundreds of thousands of galaxies in its dataset. With that large a sample, the variations in redshifts can be taken into account, while still achieving a precise measurement of distance.

Here’s what the University of Portsmouth’s Will Percival told BBC News about BOSS’s first results:

“Because you can trace this pattern all the way through the Universe, it tells you a lot about its content. If it had a different content – it had more matter, or it had less matter, or it had been expanding at a different rate – then you’d see a different map of the galaxies. So, the fundamental observation is this map.

“What we find is everything is very consistent with Einstein’s theory of general relativity, coupled with the cosmological constant that he put into his equations. He put it in originally to make the Universe static, and then took it out. But if we put constant in with the opposite sign, we can get acceleration. And if we do that, we find equations that are perfectly consistent with what we’re seeing.”

Eventually BOSS will have cataloged over a million galaxies. These are just the initial results, based on less than a quarter of the expected data that will be amassed by the time the survey ends in 2014, at which point the European Space Agency’s Euclid mission will take over, launching in 2019.

While BOSS’s findings are consistent with the cosmological constant model for dark energy, so far it’s based on limited data. “The cosmological constant may be the simplest explanation,” David Schlegel, a member of BOSS at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, has said. “But we’re just beginning to explore the times when dark energy turned on. If there are surprises lurking there, we expect to find them.”

Things above are all modern scientists know and explain about the size of the universe.

And now please open your mind and read this paragragh quoted from the lecture of Master Li Hongzhi – the founder of Falun Gong taught in North America about the structure of this universe. I think you will change your previous concept about the boundary of the universe.

Speaking of this, I’ll take this opportunity to elaborate from another angle on the topic of dimensions. I just said that humans come from various dimensions and levels. In passing, I’ll talk about the structure of the cosmos. As I’ve said, our Earth is located at just about the center of the cosmos. An extremely miniscule number of planets like Earth exist elsewhere, but only our planet is at the central position. Occupying a central position has its distinctions, but this isn’t the concept in the cosmos. For example, when everyday people acquire knowledge in our human society, they regard the center as the highest or the best. I can tell you that according to the cosmos’ concept, however, Earth, being in the center, is in the worst place. Why? It’s because the cosmos is round, and various kinds of lives in the cosmos drop. To where do they drop? Since the cosmos is round, the left is the top, but isn’t the bottom also the top? The right is the top (making hand gestures), the rear is the top, and the front is the top as well. Degenerate things in the cosmos drop. To where do they drop? They drop to the center, don’t they? Yet the cosmos is extremely complex, and there are still other concepts regarding the central position.

There are so many levels in the cosmos. For example, roughly less than 3 billion galaxies like the Milky Way comprise the scope of one universe; we usually call this a small universe. Then there are about three thousand such small universes beyond this one, and the distance among them is quite far. Ordinary humans cannot conceptualize this. Even for common gods’ conceptualizing, that distance is still considerably long and beyond vision’s range. Yet there is a shell outside of these three thousand universes that constitute a second-layer universe. Continuing to go on like this, beyond a second-layer universe, three thousand universes of this size make up a third-layer universe. The concept of these numbers is enormous. If a grain of rice is used to represent a universe, its multiplication grows exponentially. The volume of three thousand grains of rice is already as large as a desk, or even larger. Then three thousand desks, in turn, couldn’t be contained by this auditorium. So the size of the multiples is considerably vast. This is to say that its volume and scope are extremely immense.

Nevertheless, what I have told you about this cosmos is merely a simplistic concept. A cosmos such as this one is still considered a particle. In fact, it’s indeed a particle, and it is a form of very small particle in the macrocosm. Besides this, in the composition of the entire cosmos, each particle within it also contains its cosmic body’s different forms of existence. There are also different layers of heavens within cosmic bodies. Within each particle of a cosmic body there are different layers that, to the beings inside them, are different heavens or different layers of heavens. In these different layers of heavens there are the innumerable paradises of different gods. Last time when I came to the United States and taught the Fa in San Francisco, I told you a concept that was already enormous. How many layers did I mention? At first I spoke of eighty-one layers, and later on I spoke of over one thousand layers. This scope is quite vast. Let me tell you that the scope I talked about, which you consider inconceivably vast, is in fact still extremely small. If you go far away from it, rise above it, and then look back at it, it also looks like a speck of dust in the cosmos. The cosmos is that vast.”  (“Lecture at the First Conference in North America“)

Falun Gong teaches people to be Truthful-Compassionate- Tolerant (The three characteristics of this Universe)  and its teachings are very profound and miraculous and can reveal many mysteries unknown to the humankind. Why don’t you try studying it?



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    Total 3 comments
    • NIBIRU

      To accept new truths, people must fundermentally change their old notions! Only then is the truth of the universe exposed to them!

    • g-man

      first off where is there any material that suggests any of the information regarding our understanding of the size of the universe is a secret? why would it be a secret? if it’s such a secret how did you get access to such secret information? why do so many of the articles in here revolve around supposed/imagined conspiracies?

    • NIBIRU

      Any thing people don’t know is secret. How about that?

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