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Magnetic Spray Transforms Objects into Millirobots

An easy way to make millirobots by coating objects with a magnetic spray was developed in joint research led by a scientist from CityU. As the magnetic coating is biocompatible and can be disintegrated into powders when needed, this technology demonstrates the potential for biomedical applications.

Magnetic spray transforms inanimate objects into mini-robots

Scientists have engineered a spray that turns inanimate materials into mobile, insect-scale machines. The spray contains particles of iron, polyvinyl alcohol and gluten, which combine with water to form sticky, magnetic skins, or “M-skins.” Thanks to the spray’s magnetic properties, the scientists managed to bring ordinary objects to life, like origami paper and cotton thread, according to a paper published last week in Science Robotics. 
The researchers captured footage of the “millirobots” rolling, swimming, and walking—literally strutting their stuff. But they also performed more purposeful tasks: simulated biomedical procedures. Robotic catheters navigated narrow blood vessels and egg-shaped capsules delivered drugs into living rabbit stomachs. 

Novel magnetic spray transforms objects into millirobots for biomedical applications

Novel magnetic spray transforms objects into millirobots for biomedical applications – Information for all latest updates Science and Technology 

Microrobots Offer Hope in Fighting Tumors July 25, 2019

Millirobots can be made easily by coating various objects with a glue-like magnetic spray due to which a magnetic field is created which enables the objects to crawl, roll, or walk on different surfaces.

The magnetic coating is biocompatible (non-toxic with tissues) and can be broken down into powders whenever required. This has paved the way for different biomedical applications like catheter navigations and drug delivery.
How objects are transformed into millirobots?

Millirobots or insect-scale robots have been developed by scientists that can adapt to different environments for biomedical applications and exploration.

The glue-like magnetic spray is called M-spray which is composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gluten and iron particles. Dr Shen said, “Our idea is that by putting on this ‘magnetic coat’, we can turn any objects into a robot and control their locomotion. The M-spray we developed can stick on the targeted object and ‘activate’ the object when driven by a magnetic field.”

Changing movements
These millirobots are special as they can be easily reprogrammed according to the different needs, on demand. The first co-author of the paper Dr Yang Xiong has stated that usually the robots have a fixed initial structure once it is constructed which restricts its versatility in movements.
Navigation and Disintegration Property

The feature of reprogramming movements was found useful in case of navigation to different targets. For testing the biomedical applications, the researchers conducted an experiment using a catheter (inserted into the body to carry out surgical procedure) which is widely used and demonstrated that M-spray catheter could perform sharp or smooth turns and the impact on motion stability and ability due to blood flow was limited.

Fast-steering and passing smoothly through an irregular and narrow space was possible by reprogramming the M-spray coated object. This reduces the risk of unexpected plunging in the throat wall which may occur during insertion.
Dr Shen said, “Task-based reprogramming offers promising potential for catheter manipulation in the complex esophagus, vessel and urethra where navigation is always required.”

One more important feature of this technique is that with manipulation of the magnetic field, the M-spray coating can be broken into small powders on demand. Dr Shen has stated that the side effect of this break down that is disintegration is negligible.

He said, “All the raw materials of M-spray, namely PVA, gluten and iron particles, are biocompatible. The disintegrated coating could be absorbed or excreted by the human body.”
Testing Drug Delivery

An in vivo test (performed in a living organism) was performed in a rabbit using a capsule coated with M-spray to test the effectiveness and feasibility of this technique. The rabbits were first anesthetized and then by using radiology imaging technique the position of the capsule in the stomach was tracked.
When target was reached, the coating of the capsule was broken into powder by using an oscillating magnetic field. Dr Shen said, “The controllable disintegration property of M-spray enables the drug to be released in a targeted location rather than scattering in the organ.”

In a strong acidic environment that is in stomach (pH 1), the M-spray layer will start to disintegrate within 8 mins. If an additional PVA layer is present, the disintegration time is increased to 15 mins. If required, the coating can also be made to remain stable after 30mins in a strongly acidic environment by replacing the iron particles with the nickel particles.
Dr Shen said, “Our experiment results indicated that different millirobots could be constructed with the M-spray adapting to various environment, surface conditions and obstacles. We hope this construction strategy can contribute to the development and application of millirobots in different fields, such as active transportation, moveable sensor and devices, particularly for the tasks in limited space.”

Microrobots Offer Hope in Fighting Tumors.  July 25, 2019

https://www.medindia.net/news/microrobots-offer-hope-in-fighting-tumors-189123-1.htm?utm_source=medindia&utm_medium=footerwidget&utm_content=&utm_campaign=relatedtopics

Microrobots offer fresh hope in treating tumors by directly delivering drugs to the targeted cancer cells, reports a new study.

Targeting medical treatment to an ailing body part is a practice as old as medicine itself. A Band-Aid is placed on a skinned knee. Drops go into itchy eyes. A broken arm goes into a cast.
But often what ails us is inside the body and is not so easy to reach. In such cases, a treatment like surgery or chemotherapy might be called for. A pair of researchers in Caltech’s Division of Engineering and Applied Science are working on an entirely new form of treatment–microrobots that can deliver drugs to specific spots inside the body while being monitored and controlled from outside the body.

“The microrobot concept is really cool because you can get micromachinery right to where you need it,” says Lihong Wang, Caltech’s Bren Professor of Medical Engineering and Electrical Engineering. “It could be drug delivery, or a predesigned microsurgery.”

The microrobots are a joint research project of Wang and Wei Gao, assistant professor of medical engineering, and are intended for treating tumors in the digestive tract.

The microrobots consist of microscopic spheres of magnesium metal coated with thin layers of gold and parylene, a polymer that resists digestion. The layers leave a circular portion of the sphere uncovered, kind of like a porthole. The uncovered portion of the magnesium reacts with the fluids in the digestive tract, generating small bubbles. The stream of bubbles acts like a jet and propels the sphere forward until it collides with nearby tissue.
On their own, magnesium spherical microrobots that can zoom around might be interesting, but they are not especially useful. To turn them from a novelty into a vehicle for delivering medication, Wang and Gao made some modifications to them.

First, a layer of medication is sandwiched between an individual microsphere and its parylene coat. Then, to protect the microrobots from the harsh environment of the stomach, they are enveloped in microcapsules made of paraffin wax.
At this stage, the spheres are capable of carrying drugs, but still, lack the crucial ability to deliver them to a desired location. For that, Wang and Gao use photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT), a technique developed by Wang that uses pulses of infrared laser light.

An agglutinate magnetic spray transforms inanimate objects into millirobots for biomedical applications

Abstract
Millirobots that can adapt to unstructured environments, operate in confined spaces, and interact with a diverse range of objects would be desirable for exploration and biomedical applications. The continued development of millirobots, however, requires simple and scalable fabrication techniques. Here, we propose a minimalist approach to construct millirobots by coating inanimate objects with a composited agglutinate magnetic spray. Our approach enables a variety of one-dimensional (1D), 2D, or 3D objects to be covered with a thin magnetically drivable film (~100 to 250 micrometers in thickness). The film is thin enough to preserve the original size, morphology, and structure of the objects while providing actuation of up to hundreds of times its own weight. Under the actuation of a magnetic field, our millirobots are able to demonstrate a range of locomotive abilities: crawling, walking, and rolling. Moreover, we can reprogram and disintegrate the magnetic film on our millirobots on demand. We leverage these abilities to demonstrate biomedical applications, including catheter navigation and drug delivery.

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