One such principle is that every individual, when signing a contract or agreement, must comprehend the obligations and implications of that agreement.

With that in mind, the case of David Welch Welch, a man with Down syndrome, has raised essential questions about this legal assumption, specifically surrounding the understanding and consent of individuals with cognitive disabilities.

A Life of Challenges

David Welch lived a life defined by challenges. He was diagnosed with Down syndrome shortly after birth, and would see the world differently from most, thanks to significant difficulties in reading, understanding, and processing instructions. His cognitive limitations were laid bare, such that his own brother likened his mental capacity to that of a two-year-old.

In 2016, David was admitted to the Christian Care Center of Memphis, where a series of events would unfold and reverberate throughout the legal community. At the crux of these events was an arbitration agreement, presented to his brother upon David’s admission to the nursing home. Leveraging a previously signed power of attorney, David’s brother signed this agreement, however, he unintentionally waived David’s right to a jury trial.

Issues Arising

A few months later, tragedy struck, with David’s untimely death. It was only normal that his brother would be propelled to seek legal action against the nursing home. Armed with accusations of negligence, healthcare liability, and wrongful death, he hoped to secure justice for David. However, the Christian Care Center wasted no time in countering his accusations with the arbitration agreement, emphasising the relinquishment of David’s right to sue.

A pivotal legal question arose from this issue: Can someone like David, affected by significant cognitive impairment, truly grant authority for someone else to sign or endorse a document on his behalf? And if so, to what extent does the law recognize this arrangement?

Interpretations by the Court

The trial court chose not to take the arbitration agreement at face value. Instead, the court made the audacious decision to assess the validity of the power of attorney based on David’s mental capacity. This approach was a bold deviation from the norm, because it drew attention to the often-overlooked nuances of consent within the context of cognitive disabilities.