A New Lightweight Battery and Supercapacitor Electrode

University of Houston (UH) and Texas A&M University researchers have reported a structural supercapacitor electrode made from reduced graphene oxide and aramid nanofiber that is stronger and more versatile than conventional carbon-based electrodes.

The explosion of mobile electronic devices, electric vehicles, drones and other technologies have driven demand for new lightweight materials that can provide the power to operate them.

The UH research team also demonstrated that modeling based on the material nanoarchitecture can provide a more accurate understanding of ion diffusion and related properties in the composite electrodes than the traditional modeling method, which is known as the porous media model.

Haleh Ardebili, Bill D. Cook Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at UH and corresponding author for a paper describing the work, published in ACS Nano said, “We are proposing that these models based on the nanoarchitecture of the material are more comprehensive, detailed, informative and accurate compared to the porous media model.”

More accurate modeling methods will help researchers find new and more effective nanoarchitectured materials that can provide longer battery life and higher energy at a lighter weight, she said.

The researchers knew the material tested – reduced graphene oxide and aramid nanofiber, or rGO/ANF – was a good candidate because of its strong electrochemical and mechanical properties. Supercapacitor electrodes are usually made of porous carbon-based materials, which provide efficient electrode performance, Ardebili said.

While the reduced graphene oxide is primarily made of carbon, the aramid nanofiber offers a mechanical strength that increases the electrode’s versatility for a variety of applications, including for the military.

The current paper reflects the researchers’ interest in improving modeling for new energy materials. “We wanted to convey that the conventional models out there, which are porous media-based models, may not be accurate enough for designing these new nanoarchitectured materials and investigating these materials for electrodes or other energy storage devices,” Ardebili said.

That’s because the porous media model generally assumes uniform pore sizes within the material, rather than measuring the varying dimensions and geometric properties of the material.

“What we propose is that yes, the porous media model may be convenient, but it is not necessarily accurate,” Ardebili said. “For state-of-the-art devices, we need more accurate models to better understand and design new electrode materials.”

The work was funded by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research.

In addition to Ardebili, co-authors include first author Sarah Aderyani and Ali Masoudi, both of UH; and Smit A. Shah, Micah J. Green and Jodie L. Lutkenhaus, all from A&M.

While a first impression might not illuminate the value of this work, handling your cell phone without the battery would make the importance quite clear. Or think of an EV, many of which have a major share of their weight in the batteries. So any electrical weight savings is going to be a substantial benefit. This team’s work should be a significant step forward when costs for the materials come down.