Reflections on rail advocacy in EU politics

That the European Union needs to get more passengers and freight onto its railways is a no-brainer. Europe has a dense network of railways, with a lot of them in reasonable condition, a decent percentage electrified, and plenty of lines allowing trains to run at a decent speed. With roads clogged with traffic, and flying being so environmentally unsustainable, modal shift to rail makes a lot of sense.

But turning that into practical action such a damned hard nut to crack.

I’ve now been running the Trains for Europe campaign for 8 months, demanding that the European Union organises the procurement of a fleet of new night trains. We don’t know the exact market potential of night trains in Europe, but the two reasonable studies we have – by Steer-KCW for the European Commission, and by the French Government (PDF here) – put the number of new carriages required at between 170 and 300 – precise enough for our needs here. This of course excludes what ÖBB is already doing, the big exception in this sector.

So what happens?

Nothing.

Because all the players play pass the buck.

The European Commission wants the railway industry to solve the issue, and hence together with the European Investment Bank proposes a loan based financing system. The problem is that the state incumbent railways represented by the Community of European Railways are not convinced they want to run night trains, as they have stepped out of the business – so demand more direct public subsidies to tempt these firms back into the market. On the other side there is AllRail, the association of the private rivals, who argue that the market conditions are still not favourable enough to run services against state incumbents, and most of the private firms are too small anyway. And state- and private-owned firms alike all point the finger at other modes, complaining that kerosene is not taxed, or that long distance coaches do not pay road tolls – and that all of this can only be solved once track access charges are lowered.

So while studies show there is a market for the services, and there is public demand for better long distance international rail connections, nothing gets done.

Or take the example of Lithuania being cut off from the rest of the EU’s railways for passenger trains, the subject of the open letter I released today (together with a bunch of other signatories). The European Union is investing heavily in the Rail Baltica project, and the line to Kaunas that exists already and was built with EU money.

But no passenger services run on it.

For Lithuania it is a Polish problem, as the only trains that can operate the service belong to a Polish company. For Poland it’s a Lithuanian problem, as it is a Lithuanian city – Kaunas – that would benefit most from the connection. EU decision makers think everything is fine and dandy as their shiny publicity train – the Connecting Europe Express – went to Kaunas last year, and the Commission would never concern itself with something so small.

Unlike the night train issue above, this solution is very simple – Polregio S.A. has at least 5 of the trains you would need to run the service. But naturally nothing gets done.

There are plenty of other examples I could cite here – the decreasing data quality in cross border timetables (simple to solve – put it all in UIC Merits!), no timetable coordination at some borders (easy to solve – if someone wanted to solve it!), railway companies discriminating based on a person’s stated location (that’s just plain unethical).

Instead we have the industry giving an award for the Connecting Europe Express to the politician whose institution gave that industry the contract to run the Connecting Europe Express, but the politician herself flew to the stops of the Express, rather than going by train. An example of the complete and total disconnection between the elite of EU railway policy and the needs of everyday cross border passengers.

What the hell do we do about all of this?

I hear all the time, from all sorts of folks, that people would be keen to take trains if the service offered was good and trains easy to book, and how that is so often not the case. I’m trying to take that public need, and to turn it into practical political action. But it feels like towards political decision makers in the EU, and towards the railway companies themselves, I am shouting into a void.

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