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The Biggest Kill-Off In History, A New Suspect

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The mass extinction at the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB), the largest in Earth’s history, killed off ~90% of marine species. 

It is thought to have been caused by the Siberian Traps, a large flood basalt province that erupted ~252 million years ago, but this connection has been inferred on the basis of similarities in age and, thus, is circumstantial. 
 

The world around the time of the P–Tr extinction. TheSiberian Traps eruptions occurred on the eastern shore of the shallow sea (paler blue) at the north of the map. The earlier Emeishan eruptions occurred on the north edge of the almost enclosed shallow sea just north of the equator – at this time the blocks that currently form China and South-East Asia were just emerging.

Credit: Wikipedia
 
This study by Jun Shen and colleagues documents a strong relationship between marine environmental changes and the deposition of volcanic ash layers in south China, demonstrating for the first time that the PTB biotic crisis was probably triggered by enormous Plinian (explosive) volcanic eruptions.

April 21, 1990 Plinian eruption cloud from Redoubt Volcano as viewed to the west from the Kenai Peninsula

Credit: Wikipedia
 
 Previous studies of ash layers in south China PTB sections have invoked a source in regional subduction-zone volcanism in the eastern Tethys, but the present study infers an origin as distal deposits of the Siberian Traps. 
 

Sessile filter feeders like this Crinoid were significantly less abundant after the P–Tr extinction.

Credit: Wikipedia
 
Each ash layer in the Chinese sections shows a negative excursion in the ratio of carbonate or organic carbon isotopes, implying large releases of isotopically light, organic-derived CO2 or methane in conjunction with each eruptive event, consistent with large-scale magma injection into organic-rich sediments of the West Siberian coal province. 
 
If confirmed by further investigation, these results will have important implications both for kill mechanisms during the PTB crisis as well as for refinement of the eruption history of the Siberian Traps.
 
Map of Pangaea showing where today’s continents were at the Permian–Triassic boundary
Credit: Wikipedia
 
Citation: Negative C-isotope excursions at the Permian-Triassic boundary linked to volcanism

Jun Shen et al., State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China; and Dept. of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0013, USA. Posted online ahead of print 22 Aug. 2012; doi: 10.1130/G33329.1. 



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    Total 11 comments
    • SKuNKy

      I think that they have no clue what the earth looked like back then, much less are able to draw out exactly which Continent was where. Expanding Earth theory is just as credible imho. Now i’m trying to tie that into the Electric Universe theory.

      • Anonymous

        Please never forget that it is just your opinion. Just because you can’t understand it, doesn’t mean others don’t understand it.

        • O. Ryan Faust

          I understand that if you accept this as anything beyond mere theory, your sanity is questionable.

    • Anonymous

      When they draw maps like that it makes them look really smart and thats why we are supposed to think they are smart enough to to tell us what to do all day for $7.25 an hour. Oh my gosh yes they are smart.

      • Anonymous

        Scientists are not bankers.

        • O. Ryan Faust

          What’s the difference. Today’s scientists can’t distinguish between scientific fact and silly theories that defy physics. Banksters can’t distinguish between economic fact and silly Keynesian theories that defy reality.

    • Anonymous

      The reality that extreme electro-magnetic waves are cuasing more problems than green house gases for global warming is discussed by Barry Trower. He was a British secret service agent and physicist and all his videos help explain a lot http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQANlSd0d4s

    • Sid

      Any theory based on the idea of Pangaea is suspect because there was no Pangaea.

      The earth is growing. All planets and moons are growing. The evidence is clear that at one time the continents fit together on a much smaller earth. As the earth expanded the continents broke apart. They didn’t float anywhere; it was just that great rifts opened between them, the rifts becoming present day oceans.

      Can you explain how dinosaurs, with their massive size, could possibly walked on a planet with gravity that is the same as we have today. It would have been impossible because their bones and joints could not have supported their great weights. Their necks would have snapped. But on a planet with half the diameter and proportionately less mass, surface gravity would have been 1/2 of what we experience today. Do the math.

      If the current rate of growth continues, in another 26 million years, surface gravity will be double; large animals such as we are could not survive.

    • Joerg Klaemt

      Well then, tell me who drew the Piri Reis Map? Google it!
      The Piri Reis map is a pre-modern world map compiled in 1513 from military intelligence by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis.
      If there have been Intelligent Life visiting Earth maybe Millions of Years ago they would have seen Earth in real Time.

    • Anonymous

      252 million years ago.
      Come on it’s all speculation and educated guesses

    • HfjNUlYZ

      Here I am and frankly I don’t give a damn. What has this got to do with anything except curiosity-?

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