Quantum Computer and Spintronics Hurdles Overcome with Carbon Nanospheres
Credit; © Nature Communications
Electron spin is a term that can be thought of as the rotation of an electron around itself, which creates a magnetic moment. As such, spin has direction, and can point upward and downward. Preserving this direction long enough is key to building quantum computers, where the traditional bit is replaced by the quantum bit or “qubit”, which describes the spin state of an electron. The problem so far has been to develop material platforms where electron spins last long enough and can be controlled. EPFL scientists have now found a solution by using a special kind of carbon nanospheres.
But the first step to actually building a quantum computer is finding a way to achieve controllable and sustainable qubits. The best way – at least in theory – seems to be exploiting the different spin states of electrons – “up” or “down”.
The lab of Laszló Forró at EPFL has now discovered that nano-sized spheres of carbon can serve as a platform on which electron spin can be controlled, even close to 27 oC. “This is a breakthrough because attempts at controlling spin have often been restricted to very low temperatures”, says Bálint Náfrádi, who led the project.
Credit: EPFL
This means that the time-window of spin-state decoherence is very important. Current requirements put it at ~100 ns, which is considered state-of-the-art. With the carbon nanospheres, the EPFL scientists found that they could control electron spin states for 175 nanoseconds at room temperature. This duration surpasses the longest times in any such material of comparable size.
The discovery represents a big step forward on the way to systems based on electron spin. The authors state: “These results demonstrate the feasibility of operating electron spins in conducting carbon nanospheres as quantum bits at room temperature.”
This work was lead by EPFL’s Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, with contributions from the University of Sydney, and the Freie Universität Berlin. It was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, theERC, and the University of Sydney.
The work is published in Nature Communications.
Contacts and sources:
École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
Source: http://www.ineffableisland.com/2016/07/quantum-computer-and-spintronics.html
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