Cloaking Devices -- It’s Not Just ‘Star Trek’ Anymore
Researchers designed an underwater acoustic ground cloak by engineering material with properties not typically found in nature, rendering an object invisible
Profile picture of the assembled perforated plate ground cloak
Credit: Peter Kerrian
Hanford and her team set out to engineer a metamaterial that can allow the sound waves to bend around the object as if it were not there. Metamaterials commonly exhibit extraordinary properties not found in nature, like negative density. To work, the unit cell — the smallest component of the metamaterial — must be smaller than the acoustic wavelength in the study.
“These materials sound like a totally abstract concept, but the math is showing us that these properties are possible,” Hanford said. “So, we are working to open the floodgates to see what we can create with these materials.”
To date, most acoustic metamaterials have been designed to deflect sound waves in air. Hanford decided to take this work one step further and accept the scientific challenge of trying the same feat underwater. Acoustic cloaking underwater is more complicated because water is denser and less compressible than air. These factors limit engineering options.
After multiple attempts, the team designed a 3-foot-tall pyramid out of perforated steel plates. They then placed the structure on the floor of a large underwater research tank. Inside the tank, a source hydrophone produced acoustic waves between 7,000 Hz and 12,000 Hz, and several receiver hydrophones around the tank monitored reflected acoustic waves.
The wave reflected from the metamaterial matched the phase of the reflected wave from the surface. Additionally, the amplitude of the reflected wave from the cloaked object decreased slightly. These results demonstrate that this material could make an object appear invisible to underwater instruments like sonar.
Using linear coordinate transformation, the researchers were able to map the flat surface of the bottom of the tank and determined that space was compressed into two triangular cloaking regions consisting of the engineered metamaterial.
These results show potential to contribute to real-world applications, such as acoustic materials to dampen sound and appear invisible underwater.
Penn State University researchers Dean E. Capone, Ph.D., and Benjamen S. Beck, Ph.D., along with Hanford’s former graduate student Peter Kerrian, Ph.D., also contributed to this project.
4aSA6 “Underwater acoustic ground cloak development and demonstration,” by Peter Kerrian, Amanda Hanford, Benjamin Beck and Dean Capone, was presented at 10:45 a.m. CDT, May 10, 2018, in room Greenway C at the Hyatt Regency Minneapolis.
Source: http://www.ineffableisland.com/2018/05/cloaking-devices-its-not-just-star-trek.html
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