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Denisovans Closer to Modern Humans than Neanderthals

Friday, September 6, 2019 16:41

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The genomic sequencing of exceptionally well preserved DNA in a phalangeal fragment from Denisova Cave (Siberia) in 2010 revealed it belonged to the member of a previously unknown human population, the Denisovans, who were closely related to the Neanderthals[1].

However, because few Denisovan bones have been found, the morphology of these hominins remains uncertain. Now a team of scientists from the Institut Jacques Monod (CNRS / Université de Paris) has measured and photographed another fragment found in Denisova Cave. Genomic analysis reveals it is the missing piece of the same phalanx whose proximal fragment enabled initial sequencing of the Denisovan genome.

Virtual reconstruction of fifth distal phalanx from Denisova Cave.

Credit: © Photo of distal fragment of phalanx: Eva-Maria Geigl, Institut Jacques Monod (CNRS / Université de Paris). Micro-CT scan and virtual reconstruction: Bence Viola, Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto (Canada).

Together with colleagues from the PACEA laboratory (CNRS / University of Bordeaux / French Ministry of Culture) and the University of Toronto (Canada), the scientists compared the new fragment to the phalanges of Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans. Their analysis indicates it is very close to the latter, and less like the former.

Yet this structural similarity does not extend to the molars and mandible found on the Tibetan plateau[2], which feature more archaic characteristics. The researchers are intrigued by the Denisovan morphological mosaic and are seeking new skeletal remains to better characterize this “third” human group. Their findings are published in Science Advances (4 September 2019).

Contacts and sources:
Alexiane Agullo

CNRS

Citation: A high-coverage genome sequence from an archaic Denisovan individual. J. Krause et al., The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of an unknown hominin from southern Siberia. Nature 464, 894-897 (2010). D. Reich et al., Genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia. Nature 468, 1053-1060 (2010). M. Meyer et al., Science 338, 222-226 (2012).

A late Middle Pleistocene Denisovan mandible from the Tibetan Plateau. D. Reich et al., Genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia. Nature 468, 1053-1060 (2010). V. Slon et al., The genome of the offspring of a Neanderthal mother and a Denisovan father. Nature 561, 113-116 (2018). S. Sawyer et al., Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences from two Denisovan individuals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112, 15696-15700 (2015). F. Chen et al., Nature, (2019).

Source: http://www.ineffableisland.com/2019/09/denisovans-closer-to-modern-humans-than.html

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