What is Eoscopus?
According to Wikipedia
“Eoscopus is an extinct genus of dissorophoidean euskelian temnospondyl in the family Micropholidae. It is known from Hamilton Quarry, a Late Carboniferous lagerstätte near Hamilton, Kansas.”
That’s a lot of clades.
For starters, you can see Micropholis and two versions of Eoscopus illustrated here (Fig. 1). The yellow one is from Huttenlocker et al. 2007. Other definitions follow the citations below.
The LRT
nests small Late Carboniferous Eoscopus far from a traditional tiny sister, Micropholis (Fig. 1) and close to the small Early Permian temnospondyl, Zatrachys (Fig. 3). These two nest basal to two larger Permian taxa, Eryops and Edops (Fig. 5).
The Huttenlocker et al. 2007 nesting of Eoscopus
with Micropholis (Fig. 1) corresponds to their freehand drawing of the Eoscopus skull (Fig. 1).
By contrast
DGS traced elements moved back to their in vivo positions reveal a large dorsal fontanelle and spiky quadratojugal in Eoscopus (Fig. 4), as in Zatrachys (Fig. 5).
Eoscopus lockardi
(Daly 1994; Late Carboniferous) was originally considered a sister to Micropholis (Fig. 1), but here nests with Zatrachys (Fig. 4). Both share a large medial fontanelle and small nares located far from the snout tip. The posterior skull includes several quadratojugal and tabular spines. The skull is enormous relative to the body.
Zatrachys serratus
(Cope 1878; Early Permian; Fig. 5) is related to Eryops and Edops (Fig. 6) in the LRT (Fig. 3), and now Eoscopus (Figs. 1, 2, 4). Adults had elaborate bony spikes on the skull. Note the large medial fontanelle between the nares. It may have housed an inflatable sac.
Sometimes the less aesthetic, but more accurate tracing
is the one you should use for scoring character traits. Imagination should not be substituted for data. Imagination can lead others (e.g. Schoch 2018) astray.
References
Cope ED 1878. Description of extinct Batrachia and Reptilia from the Permian formation of Texas. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 17: 505–530.
Daly E 1994. The Amphibamidae (Amphibia: Temnospondyli), with a description of a new genus from the Upper Pennsylvanian of Kansas. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publication 85.
Huttenlocker AK, Pardo JS and Small BJ 2007. Plemmyradytes shintoni, gen. et. sp. nov., an Early Permian Amphibamid (Temnospondyli: Dissorophoidea) from the Eskridge Formation, Nebraska”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 27 (2): 316–328.
Shoch R 2018. The putative lissamphibian stem-group: phylogeny and evolution of the dissorophoid temnospondyls. Journal of Paleontology 20pp. DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2018.67
Dissorphophus is a genus of armored, terrestrial, basal vertebrate close to Cacops.
Euskelia = all temnospondyls closer to terrestrial Eryops than to aquatic Parotosuchus.
Temnospondyls (from Wikipedia) = “Experts disagree over whether temnospondyls were ancestral to modern amphibians (frogs, salamanders, and caecilians), or whether the whole group died out without leaving any descendants. Different hypotheses have placed modern amphibians as the descendants of temnospondyls, another group of early tetrapods called lepospondyls, or even as descendants of both groups (with caecilians evolving from lepospondyls and frogs and salamanders evolving from temnospondyls). Recent studies place a family of temnospondyls called the amphibamids as the closest relatives of modern amphibians.”
wiki/Eryops
wiki/Edops
wiki/Zatrachys
wiki/Eoscopus
wiki/Euskelia
wiki/Temnospondyli
Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2021/11/25/what-is-eoscopus/
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