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Heterodontus: now nesting basal to ratfish AND angelsharks + rays

Tuesday, November 8, 2022 13:25

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According to Wikipedia,
“The bullhead sharks are a small order of modern sharks (Neoselachii). The nine living species are placed in a single genus, Heterodontus, in the family Heterodontidae. All are relatively small, with the largest species reaching just 1.65 metres (5.5 ft) in maximum length. They are bottom feeders in tropical and subtropical waters. The Heterodontiforms appear in the fossil record in the Early Jurassic, well before any of the modern sharks except the dogfish and its relatives. However, they have never been common, and their origin probably lies even further back.”

Figure 1. Ratfish (chimaera) and Heterodontus (horn shark, bullhead shark) to scale.

Since 2019
Heterodontus (Figs 1, 3) has nested at the base of the ratfish in the large reptile tree (LRT, 2170 taxa). Recent housekeeping moves this genus one node to the left (more basal) making it basal to ratfish AND angelsharks (Fig 2) + rays.

Figure 2.
Figure 2. The angelshark, Squatina, in vivo. The large pectoral and pelvic fins give Squatina a broad, ray-like appearance.

Figure 3. Heterodontosaurus skull in 3 views and in vivo. Skull images from Digimorph.org and used with permission. Colors added here.

Figure 4. Angelshark, Squatina, skull in several views. Colors added here. Compare to Heterodontus in figure 3.

Progress continues.
Other news will be announced as time goes by.

References
Girard CF 1855. Characteristics of some cartilaginous fishes of the Pacific coast of North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7: 196–197.
Linnaeus C 1758. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.

wiki/Chimaera
wiki/Horn_shark

https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2019/08/05/heterodontus-more-ratfish-than-shark/

wiki/Bullhead_shark

Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2022/11/09/heterodontus-now-nesting-basal-to-ratfish-and-angelsharks-rays/

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